Molecular Mechanism of <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> against Gastric Damage and Identification of Active Compounds
<i>Cinnamomum</i> <i>cassia</i> is a natural product found in plants that has been used as a folk remedy for inflammation. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of <i>C.</i> <i>cassia</i&g...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Biomolecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/4/525 |
| _version_ | 1797436782874198016 |
|---|---|
| author | Myong Jin Lee Hye Jin Seo Gwi Seo Hwang Sungyoul Choi Shin Jung Park Sung-Joo Hwang Ki Sung Kang |
| author_facet | Myong Jin Lee Hye Jin Seo Gwi Seo Hwang Sungyoul Choi Shin Jung Park Sung-Joo Hwang Ki Sung Kang |
| author_sort | Myong Jin Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cinnamomum</i> <i>cassia</i> is a natural product found in plants that has been used as a folk remedy for inflammation. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of <i>C.</i> <i>cassia</i> extract (ECC) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine RAW 264.7 cells, in comparison with 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, a <i>C. cassia</i> extract component. ECC and 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibited the production of nitrite oxide in a dose-dependent manner and did not show any change in cellular toxicity when treated with the same dose as that used in the nitrite assay. Moreover, they attenuated ROS accumulation after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. ECC and 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) and cytokines such as TNF and IL-6. We also found that ECC and 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde mitigated the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and transcription factors, such as NF-κB and STAT3, suppressing NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-activated macrophages. In addition, administration of ECC in a Sprague Dawley rat model of acute gastric injury caused by indomethacin significantly increased the gastric mucus volume. Analysis of serum and tissue levels of inflammatory mediators revealed a significant decrease in serum PGE2 and myeloperoxidase levels and a reduction in gastric iNOS, COX-2, and p65 protein levels. Collectively, these results suggest that ECC has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and is a potential candidate for curing gastritis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:06:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0db370fa3c64746960aad937606787f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:06:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0db370fa3c64746960aad937606787f2023-12-01T00:55:49ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-03-0112452510.3390/biom12040525Molecular Mechanism of <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> against Gastric Damage and Identification of Active CompoundsMyong Jin Lee0Hye Jin Seo1Gwi Seo Hwang2Sungyoul Choi3Shin Jung Park4Sung-Joo Hwang5Ki Sung Kang6College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, KoreaYonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, KoreaChong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin-si 16995, KoreaYonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea<i>Cinnamomum</i> <i>cassia</i> is a natural product found in plants that has been used as a folk remedy for inflammation. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of <i>C.</i> <i>cassia</i> extract (ECC) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine RAW 264.7 cells, in comparison with 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, a <i>C. cassia</i> extract component. ECC and 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibited the production of nitrite oxide in a dose-dependent manner and did not show any change in cellular toxicity when treated with the same dose as that used in the nitrite assay. Moreover, they attenuated ROS accumulation after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. ECC and 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) and cytokines such as TNF and IL-6. We also found that ECC and 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde mitigated the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and transcription factors, such as NF-κB and STAT3, suppressing NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-activated macrophages. In addition, administration of ECC in a Sprague Dawley rat model of acute gastric injury caused by indomethacin significantly increased the gastric mucus volume. Analysis of serum and tissue levels of inflammatory mediators revealed a significant decrease in serum PGE2 and myeloperoxidase levels and a reduction in gastric iNOS, COX-2, and p65 protein levels. Collectively, these results suggest that ECC has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and is a potential candidate for curing gastritis.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/4/525<i>Cinnamomum</i> <i>cassia</i> extract (ECC)4-hydroxycinnamaldehydeRAW 264.7inflammation |
| spellingShingle | Myong Jin Lee Hye Jin Seo Gwi Seo Hwang Sungyoul Choi Shin Jung Park Sung-Joo Hwang Ki Sung Kang Molecular Mechanism of <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> against Gastric Damage and Identification of Active Compounds Biomolecules <i>Cinnamomum</i> <i>cassia</i> extract (ECC) 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde RAW 264.7 inflammation |
| title | Molecular Mechanism of <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> against Gastric Damage and Identification of Active Compounds |
| title_full | Molecular Mechanism of <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> against Gastric Damage and Identification of Active Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Mechanism of <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> against Gastric Damage and Identification of Active Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Mechanism of <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> against Gastric Damage and Identification of Active Compounds |
| title_short | Molecular Mechanism of <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> against Gastric Damage and Identification of Active Compounds |
| title_sort | molecular mechanism of i cinnamomum cassia i against gastric damage and identification of active compounds |
| topic | <i>Cinnamomum</i> <i>cassia</i> extract (ECC) 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde RAW 264.7 inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/4/525 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT myongjinlee molecularmechanismoficinnamomumcassiaiagainstgastricdamageandidentificationofactivecompounds AT hyejinseo molecularmechanismoficinnamomumcassiaiagainstgastricdamageandidentificationofactivecompounds AT gwiseohwang molecularmechanismoficinnamomumcassiaiagainstgastricdamageandidentificationofactivecompounds AT sungyoulchoi molecularmechanismoficinnamomumcassiaiagainstgastricdamageandidentificationofactivecompounds AT shinjungpark molecularmechanismoficinnamomumcassiaiagainstgastricdamageandidentificationofactivecompounds AT sungjoohwang molecularmechanismoficinnamomumcassiaiagainstgastricdamageandidentificationofactivecompounds AT kisungkang molecularmechanismoficinnamomumcassiaiagainstgastricdamageandidentificationofactivecompounds |