Clinical Improvement of Disseminated Acanthamoeba Infection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Using a Non-Miltefosine-Based Treatment Regimen in a Low-Resource Setting
Disseminated <i>Acanthamoeba</i> species infection is likely an underrecognized and underdiagnosed opportunistic infection in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in South Africa. It presents a unique clinical challenge in that the diagnosis can be difficult...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/2/24 |
| _version_ | 1797476225795489792 |
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| author | Denasha L. Reddy Eunice van den Berg Wayne Grayson Matilda Mphahlele John Frean |
| author_facet | Denasha L. Reddy Eunice van den Berg Wayne Grayson Matilda Mphahlele John Frean |
| author_sort | Denasha L. Reddy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Disseminated <i>Acanthamoeba</i> species infection is likely an underrecognized and underdiagnosed opportunistic infection in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in South Africa. It presents a unique clinical challenge in that the diagnosis can be difficult to establish and management options are limited in low-resource settings. To our knowledge, there is a paucity of literature to date on the successful use of combination treatment options for patients in low-resource settings without access to miltefosine. We present a case describing the clinical improvement of disseminated <i>Acanthamoeba</i> infection in a patient with advanced HIV using a non-miltefosine-based treatment regimen. The case serves to highlight that <i>Acanthamoeba</i> sp. infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis for nodular and ulcerative cutaneous lesions in patients with advanced HIV in South Africa, and that although there are alternative options for combination treatment in countries without access to miltefosine, efforts should be made to advocate for better access to miltefosine for the treatment of acanthamoebiasis in South Africa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:55:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0ed1bfcd00a484993aef79f841ca046 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:55:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0ed1bfcd00a484993aef79f841ca0462023-11-23T22:22:28ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662022-02-01722410.3390/tropicalmed7020024Clinical Improvement of Disseminated Acanthamoeba Infection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Using a Non-Miltefosine-Based Treatment Regimen in a Low-Resource SettingDenasha L. Reddy0Eunice van den Berg1Wayne Grayson2Matilda Mphahlele3John Frean4Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South AfricaDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South AfricaDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South AfricaDepartment of Dermatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South AfricaNational Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South AfricaDisseminated <i>Acanthamoeba</i> species infection is likely an underrecognized and underdiagnosed opportunistic infection in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in South Africa. It presents a unique clinical challenge in that the diagnosis can be difficult to establish and management options are limited in low-resource settings. To our knowledge, there is a paucity of literature to date on the successful use of combination treatment options for patients in low-resource settings without access to miltefosine. We present a case describing the clinical improvement of disseminated <i>Acanthamoeba</i> infection in a patient with advanced HIV using a non-miltefosine-based treatment regimen. The case serves to highlight that <i>Acanthamoeba</i> sp. infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis for nodular and ulcerative cutaneous lesions in patients with advanced HIV in South Africa, and that although there are alternative options for combination treatment in countries without access to miltefosine, efforts should be made to advocate for better access to miltefosine for the treatment of acanthamoebiasis in South Africa.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/2/24acanthamoebamiltefosineHIVopportunistic infectionsamphotericin B deoxycholate |
| spellingShingle | Denasha L. Reddy Eunice van den Berg Wayne Grayson Matilda Mphahlele John Frean Clinical Improvement of Disseminated Acanthamoeba Infection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Using a Non-Miltefosine-Based Treatment Regimen in a Low-Resource Setting Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease acanthamoeba miltefosine HIV opportunistic infections amphotericin B deoxycholate |
| title | Clinical Improvement of Disseminated Acanthamoeba Infection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Using a Non-Miltefosine-Based Treatment Regimen in a Low-Resource Setting |
| title_full | Clinical Improvement of Disseminated Acanthamoeba Infection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Using a Non-Miltefosine-Based Treatment Regimen in a Low-Resource Setting |
| title_fullStr | Clinical Improvement of Disseminated Acanthamoeba Infection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Using a Non-Miltefosine-Based Treatment Regimen in a Low-Resource Setting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Improvement of Disseminated Acanthamoeba Infection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Using a Non-Miltefosine-Based Treatment Regimen in a Low-Resource Setting |
| title_short | Clinical Improvement of Disseminated Acanthamoeba Infection in a Patient with Advanced HIV Using a Non-Miltefosine-Based Treatment Regimen in a Low-Resource Setting |
| title_sort | clinical improvement of disseminated acanthamoeba infection in a patient with advanced hiv using a non miltefosine based treatment regimen in a low resource setting |
| topic | acanthamoeba miltefosine HIV opportunistic infections amphotericin B deoxycholate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/2/24 |
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