Genetic Structure and Population History of the Zaisan Toad-Headed Agama (<i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i>) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA
The agamid lizard <i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i> is restricted to Northwest China (Dzungar Basin) and the adjacent Eastern Kazakhstan (Zaisan and Alakol basins). To elucidate the phylogeography of <i>P. melanurus</i>, we obtained the mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i>...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| author | Daniya Ualiyeva Jinlong Liu Tatjana Dujsebayeva Jun Li Lili Tian Bo Cai Xiaomao Zeng Xianguang Guo |
| author_facet | Daniya Ualiyeva Jinlong Liu Tatjana Dujsebayeva Jun Li Lili Tian Bo Cai Xiaomao Zeng Xianguang Guo |
| author_sort | Daniya Ualiyeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The agamid lizard <i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i> is restricted to Northwest China (Dzungar Basin) and the adjacent Eastern Kazakhstan (Zaisan and Alakol basins). To elucidate the phylogeography of <i>P. melanurus</i>, we obtained the mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> segments of 175 sampled lizards from 44 localities across the whole distribution. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two main Clades comprising five geographically structured lineages (I, IIa, IIb1, IIb2, and IIb3) that fit an isolation-by-distance (IBD) model. The divergence from the most recent common ancestor was dated to ~1.87 million years ago (Ma). Demographic analyses demonstrated lineage-specific response to past climate change: stable population for Clade I, Subclade IIb1; past population expansion for IIb3 since 0.18 Ma, respectively. Bayesian phylogeographic diffusion analyses detected initial spreading at the Saur Mount vicinity, approximately 1.8 Ma. Historical species distribution model (SDM) projected expansion of the suitable habitat in the last interglacial and shift and contraction in the last glacial maximum and Holocene epochs. The SDM predicted a drastic reduction in suitable area throughout the range as a response to future climate change. Our findings suggest that the evolution of <i>P. melanurus</i> followed a parapatric divergence with subsequent dispersal and adaptation to cold and dry environments during the Quaternary. Overall, this work improves our understanding of the lineage diversification and population dynamics of <i>P. melanurus</i>, providing further insights into the evolutionary processes that occurred in Northwest China and adjacent Eastern Kazakhstan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:08:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0f23b5c57ad4092a836a774dd996b25 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:08:53Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0f23b5c57ad4092a836a774dd996b252024-01-26T14:30:51ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-01-0114220910.3390/ani14020209Genetic Structure and Population History of the Zaisan Toad-Headed Agama (<i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i>) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNADaniya Ualiyeva0Jinlong Liu1Tatjana Dujsebayeva2Jun Li3Lili Tian4Bo Cai5Xiaomao Zeng6Xianguang Guo7Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaLaboratory of Ornithology and Herpetology, Institute of Zoology CS MES RK, 93 al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050060, KazakhstanCollege of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaThe agamid lizard <i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i> is restricted to Northwest China (Dzungar Basin) and the adjacent Eastern Kazakhstan (Zaisan and Alakol basins). To elucidate the phylogeography of <i>P. melanurus</i>, we obtained the mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> segments of 175 sampled lizards from 44 localities across the whole distribution. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two main Clades comprising five geographically structured lineages (I, IIa, IIb1, IIb2, and IIb3) that fit an isolation-by-distance (IBD) model. The divergence from the most recent common ancestor was dated to ~1.87 million years ago (Ma). Demographic analyses demonstrated lineage-specific response to past climate change: stable population for Clade I, Subclade IIb1; past population expansion for IIb3 since 0.18 Ma, respectively. Bayesian phylogeographic diffusion analyses detected initial spreading at the Saur Mount vicinity, approximately 1.8 Ma. Historical species distribution model (SDM) projected expansion of the suitable habitat in the last interglacial and shift and contraction in the last glacial maximum and Holocene epochs. The SDM predicted a drastic reduction in suitable area throughout the range as a response to future climate change. Our findings suggest that the evolution of <i>P. melanurus</i> followed a parapatric divergence with subsequent dispersal and adaptation to cold and dry environments during the Quaternary. Overall, this work improves our understanding of the lineage diversification and population dynamics of <i>P. melanurus</i>, providing further insights into the evolutionary processes that occurred in Northwest China and adjacent Eastern Kazakhstan.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/2/209agamidaridificationcolonizationmitochondrial DNANorthwest Chinaphylogeography |
| spellingShingle | Daniya Ualiyeva Jinlong Liu Tatjana Dujsebayeva Jun Li Lili Tian Bo Cai Xiaomao Zeng Xianguang Guo Genetic Structure and Population History of the Zaisan Toad-Headed Agama (<i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i>) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Animals agamid aridification colonization mitochondrial DNA Northwest China phylogeography |
| title | Genetic Structure and Population History of the Zaisan Toad-Headed Agama (<i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i>) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA |
| title_full | Genetic Structure and Population History of the Zaisan Toad-Headed Agama (<i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i>) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Structure and Population History of the Zaisan Toad-Headed Agama (<i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i>) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Structure and Population History of the Zaisan Toad-Headed Agama (<i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i>) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA |
| title_short | Genetic Structure and Population History of the Zaisan Toad-Headed Agama (<i>Phrynocephalus melanurus</i>) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA |
| title_sort | genetic structure and population history of the zaisan toad headed agama i phrynocephalus melanurus i inferred from mitochondrial dna |
| topic | agamid aridification colonization mitochondrial DNA Northwest China phylogeography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/2/209 |
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