Pathogenic Interactions between <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i> in Mutually Infected Cotton Sprouts
The soil fungus <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i>, the charcoal rot disease agent, poses a major threat to cotton fields. In Israel, highly infected areas are also inhabited by the maize pathogen <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i>. This study reveals the relationships between the tw...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/2/255 |
| _version_ | 1797483830263676928 |
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| author | Ofir Degani Paz Becher Asaf Gordani |
| author_facet | Ofir Degani Paz Becher Asaf Gordani |
| author_sort | Ofir Degani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The soil fungus <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i>, the charcoal rot disease agent, poses a major threat to cotton fields. In Israel, highly infected areas are also inhabited by the maize pathogen <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i>. This study reveals the relationships between the two pathogens and their impact on cotton sprouts. Infecting the soil 14 days before sowing (DBS) with each pathogen or with <i>M. phaseolina</i> before <i>M. maydis</i> caused a strong inhibition (up to 50–65%) of the sprouts’ development and survival, accompanied by each pathogen’s high DNA levels in the plants. However, combined or sequence infection with <i>M. maydis</i> first led to two distinct scenarios. This pathogen acted as a beneficial protective endophyte in one experiment, leading to significantly high emergence and growth indices of the plants and a ca. 10-fold reduction in <i>M. phaseolina</i> DNA in the sprouts’ roots. In contrast, <i>M. maydis</i> showed strong virulence potential (with 43–69% growth and survival suppression) in the other experiment, proving its true nature as an opportunist. Interestingly, soil inoculation with <i>M. phaseolina</i> first, 14 DBS (but not at sowing), shielded the plants from <i>M. maydis</i>’ devastating impact. The results suggest that the two pathogens restrict each other, and this equilibrium may lead to a moderate disease burst. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:52:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0f30db1e9024a07b821239a3f66458d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:52:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0f30db1e9024a07b821239a3f66458d2023-11-23T18:17:12ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-02-0112225510.3390/agriculture12020255Pathogenic Interactions between <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i> in Mutually Infected Cotton SproutsOfir Degani0Paz Becher1Asaf Gordani2Plant Sciences Department, Migal—Galilee Research Institute, Tarshish 2, Kiryat Shmona 11016, IsraelPlant Sciences Department, Migal—Galilee Research Institute, Tarshish 2, Kiryat Shmona 11016, IsraelPlant Sciences Department, Migal—Galilee Research Institute, Tarshish 2, Kiryat Shmona 11016, IsraelThe soil fungus <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i>, the charcoal rot disease agent, poses a major threat to cotton fields. In Israel, highly infected areas are also inhabited by the maize pathogen <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i>. This study reveals the relationships between the two pathogens and their impact on cotton sprouts. Infecting the soil 14 days before sowing (DBS) with each pathogen or with <i>M. phaseolina</i> before <i>M. maydis</i> caused a strong inhibition (up to 50–65%) of the sprouts’ development and survival, accompanied by each pathogen’s high DNA levels in the plants. However, combined or sequence infection with <i>M. maydis</i> first led to two distinct scenarios. This pathogen acted as a beneficial protective endophyte in one experiment, leading to significantly high emergence and growth indices of the plants and a ca. 10-fold reduction in <i>M. phaseolina</i> DNA in the sprouts’ roots. In contrast, <i>M. maydis</i> showed strong virulence potential (with 43–69% growth and survival suppression) in the other experiment, proving its true nature as an opportunist. Interestingly, soil inoculation with <i>M. phaseolina</i> first, 14 DBS (but not at sowing), shielded the plants from <i>M. maydis</i>’ devastating impact. The results suggest that the two pathogens restrict each other, and this equilibrium may lead to a moderate disease burst.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/2/255<i>Cephalosporium maydis</i>charcoal rot diseasecottoncrop protectionfungus<i>Harpophora maydis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Ofir Degani Paz Becher Asaf Gordani Pathogenic Interactions between <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i> in Mutually Infected Cotton Sprouts Agriculture <i>Cephalosporium maydis</i> charcoal rot disease cotton crop protection fungus <i>Harpophora maydis</i> |
| title | Pathogenic Interactions between <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i> in Mutually Infected Cotton Sprouts |
| title_full | Pathogenic Interactions between <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i> in Mutually Infected Cotton Sprouts |
| title_fullStr | Pathogenic Interactions between <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i> in Mutually Infected Cotton Sprouts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathogenic Interactions between <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i> in Mutually Infected Cotton Sprouts |
| title_short | Pathogenic Interactions between <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Magnaporthiopsis maydis</i> in Mutually Infected Cotton Sprouts |
| title_sort | pathogenic interactions between i macrophomina phaseolina i and i magnaporthiopsis maydis i in mutually infected cotton sprouts |
| topic | <i>Cephalosporium maydis</i> charcoal rot disease cotton crop protection fungus <i>Harpophora maydis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/2/255 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ofirdegani pathogenicinteractionsbetweenimacrophominaphaseolinaiandimagnaporthiopsismaydisiinmutuallyinfectedcottonsprouts AT pazbecher pathogenicinteractionsbetweenimacrophominaphaseolinaiandimagnaporthiopsismaydisiinmutuallyinfectedcottonsprouts AT asafgordani pathogenicinteractionsbetweenimacrophominaphaseolinaiandimagnaporthiopsismaydisiinmutuallyinfectedcottonsprouts |