Occurrence of F region echoes for the polar cap SuperDARN radars
Abstract Observations by six Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) polar cap radars, three in the northern hemisphere and three in the southern hemispheres, are considered to assess F region echo occurrence rates over solar, season, and day cycles and to establish relationship between the ech...
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SpringerOpen
2019-10-01
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Series: | Earth, Planets and Space |
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Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-019-1092-9 |
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author | Alexander V. Koustov Sydney Ullrich Pavlo V. Ponomarenko Nozomu Nishitani Federica M. Marcucci William A. Bristow |
author_facet | Alexander V. Koustov Sydney Ullrich Pavlo V. Ponomarenko Nozomu Nishitani Federica M. Marcucci William A. Bristow |
author_sort | Alexander V. Koustov |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Abstract Observations by six Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) polar cap radars, three in the northern hemisphere and three in the southern hemispheres, are considered to assess F region echo occurrence rates over solar, season, and day cycles and to establish relationship between the echo occurrence rate and the background electron density and plasma flow velocity magnitude. The echo occurrence rate is shown to increase toward the solar cycle maximum, more distinctly on the nightside, consistent with a general trend of the background electron density. Over the last 5 years, the echo occurrence rates decline at a rate of 5–10% per year. The pattern of seasonal and diurnal variations in echo occurrence is found to be consistent with previous SuperDARN publications. Minor dips in echo occurrence rate are observed in winter solstices, and these are related to an overall decrease in the electron density. In most of the time sectors, the echo occurrence rate increases with the electron density but only up to a certain threshold value after which the dependence saturates. The level of the saturation depends on season, local time, and average plasma flow velocity magnitude. For the summer daytime observations, the echo occurrence rate correlates with variations of both electron density and plasma flow velocity magnitude. |
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institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1880-5981 |
language | English |
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publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
publisher | SpringerOpen |
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spelling | doaj.art-e112a56aa26149929735f507b9c954682022-12-21T17:50:43ZengSpringerOpenEarth, Planets and Space1880-59812019-10-0171111710.1186/s40623-019-1092-9Occurrence of F region echoes for the polar cap SuperDARN radarsAlexander V. Koustov0Sydney Ullrich1Pavlo V. Ponomarenko2Nozomu Nishitani3Federica M. Marcucci4William A. Bristow5Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of SaskatchewanDepartment of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of SaskatchewanDepartment of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of SaskatchewanInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya UniversityInstitute for Space Astrophysics and PlanetologyUniversity of Alaska FairbanksAbstract Observations by six Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) polar cap radars, three in the northern hemisphere and three in the southern hemispheres, are considered to assess F region echo occurrence rates over solar, season, and day cycles and to establish relationship between the echo occurrence rate and the background electron density and plasma flow velocity magnitude. The echo occurrence rate is shown to increase toward the solar cycle maximum, more distinctly on the nightside, consistent with a general trend of the background electron density. Over the last 5 years, the echo occurrence rates decline at a rate of 5–10% per year. The pattern of seasonal and diurnal variations in echo occurrence is found to be consistent with previous SuperDARN publications. Minor dips in echo occurrence rate are observed in winter solstices, and these are related to an overall decrease in the electron density. In most of the time sectors, the echo occurrence rate increases with the electron density but only up to a certain threshold value after which the dependence saturates. The level of the saturation depends on season, local time, and average plasma flow velocity magnitude. For the summer daytime observations, the echo occurrence rate correlates with variations of both electron density and plasma flow velocity magnitude.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-019-1092-9Polar cap radarsEcho occurrence rate, F region electron densityE × B plasma flow magnitude |
spellingShingle | Alexander V. Koustov Sydney Ullrich Pavlo V. Ponomarenko Nozomu Nishitani Federica M. Marcucci William A. Bristow Occurrence of F region echoes for the polar cap SuperDARN radars Earth, Planets and Space Polar cap radars Echo occurrence rate, F region electron density E × B plasma flow magnitude |
title | Occurrence of F region echoes for the polar cap SuperDARN radars |
title_full | Occurrence of F region echoes for the polar cap SuperDARN radars |
title_fullStr | Occurrence of F region echoes for the polar cap SuperDARN radars |
title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of F region echoes for the polar cap SuperDARN radars |
title_short | Occurrence of F region echoes for the polar cap SuperDARN radars |
title_sort | occurrence of f region echoes for the polar cap superdarn radars |
topic | Polar cap radars Echo occurrence rate, F region electron density E × B plasma flow magnitude |
url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-019-1092-9 |
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