Recommendations for olive mills waste treatment in hot and dry climate

Global olive oil demand is rising; hence production has been expanding, resulting in a considerable liquid waste known as olive mill wastewater (OMW) or Zibar, which has an adverse environmental impact as it contains a variety of pollutants. Proper control and treatment before disposal are essential...

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Main Authors: Ammar Alkhalidi, Ghada Halaweh, Mohamad K. Khawaja
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-09-01
Series:Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658077X23000310
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author Ammar Alkhalidi
Ghada Halaweh
Mohamad K. Khawaja
author_facet Ammar Alkhalidi
Ghada Halaweh
Mohamad K. Khawaja
author_sort Ammar Alkhalidi
collection DOAJ
description Global olive oil demand is rising; hence production has been expanding, resulting in a considerable liquid waste known as olive mill wastewater (OMW) or Zibar, which has an adverse environmental impact as it contains a variety of pollutants. Proper control and treatment before disposal are essential. This study reviews the availability of international legislation and alternative techniques implemented worldwide to ensure safe OMW disposal and its applicability in hot climatic regions. Safe OMW disposal provides sustainable waste management throughout the entire chain of olive oil production. Three alternative techniques derived from legislations from high olive oil-producing countries have been evaluated using the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis by evaluating internal factors and investigating external factors to derive valuable strategies using Jordan as a case study. Those alternatives are switching to a two-phase continuous centrifugation system, land spreading, and lime pretreatment. The SWOT analyses yielded that shifting towards using a two-phase system would be a viable option for attracting funding agencies; the land spreading option can be applied if the risk of groundwater contamination is minimal, such as in the southern region of Jordan. Finally, before the evaporation ponds, lime pretreatment is a good option if the produced OMW is enormous such as the case in the northern region of Jordan, which has the highest mills number and produces a massive amount of OMW of about 66.3% of the total amount generated in Jordan.
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spelling doaj.art-e1224430163d426c9f59640a67289a8b2023-08-28T04:22:39ZengElsevierJournal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences1658-077X2023-09-01226361373Recommendations for olive mills waste treatment in hot and dry climateAmmar Alkhalidi0Ghada Halaweh1Mohamad K. Khawaja2University of Sharjah, Sustainable and Renewable Energy Department, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; German Jordanian University, Energy Engineering Department, Amman, Jordan; Corresponding author.German Jordanian University, Energy Engineering Department, Amman, JordanGerman Jordanian University, Energy Engineering Department, Amman, JordanGlobal olive oil demand is rising; hence production has been expanding, resulting in a considerable liquid waste known as olive mill wastewater (OMW) or Zibar, which has an adverse environmental impact as it contains a variety of pollutants. Proper control and treatment before disposal are essential. This study reviews the availability of international legislation and alternative techniques implemented worldwide to ensure safe OMW disposal and its applicability in hot climatic regions. Safe OMW disposal provides sustainable waste management throughout the entire chain of olive oil production. Three alternative techniques derived from legislations from high olive oil-producing countries have been evaluated using the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis by evaluating internal factors and investigating external factors to derive valuable strategies using Jordan as a case study. Those alternatives are switching to a two-phase continuous centrifugation system, land spreading, and lime pretreatment. The SWOT analyses yielded that shifting towards using a two-phase system would be a viable option for attracting funding agencies; the land spreading option can be applied if the risk of groundwater contamination is minimal, such as in the southern region of Jordan. Finally, before the evaporation ponds, lime pretreatment is a good option if the produced OMW is enormous such as the case in the northern region of Jordan, which has the highest mills number and produces a massive amount of OMW of about 66.3% of the total amount generated in Jordan.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658077X23000310Olive mill wastewater (OMW)Olive PomaceWastewater managementSWOT analysisOMW management recommendations
spellingShingle Ammar Alkhalidi
Ghada Halaweh
Mohamad K. Khawaja
Recommendations for olive mills waste treatment in hot and dry climate
Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences
Olive mill wastewater (OMW)
Olive Pomace
Wastewater management
SWOT analysis
OMW management recommendations
title Recommendations for olive mills waste treatment in hot and dry climate
title_full Recommendations for olive mills waste treatment in hot and dry climate
title_fullStr Recommendations for olive mills waste treatment in hot and dry climate
title_full_unstemmed Recommendations for olive mills waste treatment in hot and dry climate
title_short Recommendations for olive mills waste treatment in hot and dry climate
title_sort recommendations for olive mills waste treatment in hot and dry climate
topic Olive mill wastewater (OMW)
Olive Pomace
Wastewater management
SWOT analysis
OMW management recommendations
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658077X23000310
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AT mohamadkkhawaja recommendationsforolivemillswastetreatmentinhotanddryclimate