Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses
Despite the fact that the new drugs and targeted therapies have been approved for cancer therapy during the past 30 years, the majority of cancer types are still remain challenging to be treated. Due to the tumor heterogeneity, immune system evasion and the complex interaction between the tumor micr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012806/full |
| _version_ | 1811240618367647744 |
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| author | Mahdie Jafari Maryam Kadkhodazadeh Mina Bahrololoumi Shapourabadi Nasser Hashemi Goradel Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar Arash Arashkia Shahriyar Abdoli Zahra Sharifzadeh |
| author_facet | Mahdie Jafari Maryam Kadkhodazadeh Mina Bahrololoumi Shapourabadi Nasser Hashemi Goradel Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar Arash Arashkia Shahriyar Abdoli Zahra Sharifzadeh |
| author_sort | Mahdie Jafari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the fact that the new drugs and targeted therapies have been approved for cancer therapy during the past 30 years, the majority of cancer types are still remain challenging to be treated. Due to the tumor heterogeneity, immune system evasion and the complex interaction between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells, the great majority of malignancies need multimodal therapy. Unfortunately, tumors frequently develop treatment resistance, so it is important to have a variety of therapeutic choices available for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Immunotherapy has lately shown clinical responses in malignancies with unfavorable outcomes. Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy is a cancer treatment strategy that employs naturally occurring or genetically-modified viruses that multiply preferentially within cancer cells. OVs have the ability to not only induce oncolysis but also activate cells of the immune system, which in turn activates innate and adaptive anticancer responses. Despite the fact that OVs were translated into clinical trials, with T-VECs receiving FDA approval for melanoma, their use in fighting cancer faced some challenges, including off-target side effects, immune system clearance, non-specific uptake, and intratumoral spread of OVs in solid tumors. Although various strategies have been used to overcome the challenges, these strategies have not provided promising outcomes in monotherapy with OVs. In this situation, it is increasingly common to use rational combinations of immunotherapies to improve patient benefit. With the development of other aspects of cancer immunotherapy strategies, combinational therapy has been proposed to improve the anti-tumor activities of OVs. In this regard, OVs were combined with other biotherapeutic platforms, including various forms of antibodies, nanobodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and dendritic cells, to reduce the side effects of OVs and enhance their efficacy. This article reviews the promising outcomes of OVs in cancer therapy, the challenges OVs face and solutions, and their combination with other biotherapeutic agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:23:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e128eb23b2cc4925ac40e3c111df6b5d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:23:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e128eb23b2cc4925ac40e3c111df6b5d2022-12-22T03:31:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-10-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10128061012806Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic virusesMahdie Jafari0Maryam Kadkhodazadeh1Mina Bahrololoumi Shapourabadi2Nasser Hashemi Goradel3Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar4Arash Arashkia5Shahriyar Abdoli6Zahra Sharifzadeh7Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Molecular Virology, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranHUM Immune Biotech Company, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNational Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Molecular Virology, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranSchool of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranDepartment of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranDespite the fact that the new drugs and targeted therapies have been approved for cancer therapy during the past 30 years, the majority of cancer types are still remain challenging to be treated. Due to the tumor heterogeneity, immune system evasion and the complex interaction between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells, the great majority of malignancies need multimodal therapy. Unfortunately, tumors frequently develop treatment resistance, so it is important to have a variety of therapeutic choices available for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Immunotherapy has lately shown clinical responses in malignancies with unfavorable outcomes. Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy is a cancer treatment strategy that employs naturally occurring or genetically-modified viruses that multiply preferentially within cancer cells. OVs have the ability to not only induce oncolysis but also activate cells of the immune system, which in turn activates innate and adaptive anticancer responses. Despite the fact that OVs were translated into clinical trials, with T-VECs receiving FDA approval for melanoma, their use in fighting cancer faced some challenges, including off-target side effects, immune system clearance, non-specific uptake, and intratumoral spread of OVs in solid tumors. Although various strategies have been used to overcome the challenges, these strategies have not provided promising outcomes in monotherapy with OVs. In this situation, it is increasingly common to use rational combinations of immunotherapies to improve patient benefit. With the development of other aspects of cancer immunotherapy strategies, combinational therapy has been proposed to improve the anti-tumor activities of OVs. In this regard, OVs were combined with other biotherapeutic platforms, including various forms of antibodies, nanobodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and dendritic cells, to reduce the side effects of OVs and enhance their efficacy. This article reviews the promising outcomes of OVs in cancer therapy, the challenges OVs face and solutions, and their combination with other biotherapeutic agents.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012806/fulloncolytic virotherapycancer immunotherapynanobodyantibodycombination therapyimmunovirotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Mahdie Jafari Maryam Kadkhodazadeh Mina Bahrololoumi Shapourabadi Nasser Hashemi Goradel Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar Arash Arashkia Shahriyar Abdoli Zahra Sharifzadeh Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses Frontiers in Immunology oncolytic virotherapy cancer immunotherapy nanobody antibody combination therapy immunovirotherapy |
| title | Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses |
| title_full | Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses |
| title_fullStr | Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses |
| title_short | Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses |
| title_sort | immunovirotherapy the role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses |
| topic | oncolytic virotherapy cancer immunotherapy nanobody antibody combination therapy immunovirotherapy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012806/full |
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