Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) circulates through humans, animals, and the environments, requiring a One Health approach. Recently, urban sewage has increasingly been suggested as a hotspot for AMR even in high-income countries (HICs), where the water sanitation and hygiene infrastructure are well-d...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/7/849 |
| _version_ | 1827625057772371968 |
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| author | Hiroaki Baba Masateru Nishiyama Toru Watanabe Hajime Kanamori |
| author_facet | Hiroaki Baba Masateru Nishiyama Toru Watanabe Hajime Kanamori |
| author_sort | Hiroaki Baba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) circulates through humans, animals, and the environments, requiring a One Health approach. Recently, urban sewage has increasingly been suggested as a hotspot for AMR even in high-income countries (HICs), where the water sanitation and hygiene infrastructure are well-developed. To understand the current status of AMR in wastewater in a HIC, we reviewed the epidemiological studies on AMR in the sewage environment in Japan from the published literature. Our review showed that a wide variety of clinically important antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antimicrobial residues are present in human wastewater in Japan. Their concentrations are lower than in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and are further reduced by sewage treatment plants (STPs) before discharge. Nevertheless, the remaining ARB and ARGs could be an important source of AMR contamination in river water. Furthermore, hospital effluence may be an important reservoir of clinically important ARB. The high concentration of antimicrobial agents commonly prescribed in Japan may contribute to the selection and dissemination of AMR within wastewater. Our review shows the importance of both monitoring for AMR and antimicrobials in human wastewater and efforts to reduce their contamination load in wastewater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:21:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e12eb83f3af34d2a9358e6002e931c09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:21:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e12eb83f3af34d2a9358e6002e931c092023-11-30T22:40:47ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822022-06-0111784910.3390/antibiotics11070849Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future PerspectivesHiroaki Baba0Masateru Nishiyama1Toru Watanabe2Hajime Kanamori3Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, JapanDepartment of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, JapanDepartment of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, JapanDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, JapanAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) circulates through humans, animals, and the environments, requiring a One Health approach. Recently, urban sewage has increasingly been suggested as a hotspot for AMR even in high-income countries (HICs), where the water sanitation and hygiene infrastructure are well-developed. To understand the current status of AMR in wastewater in a HIC, we reviewed the epidemiological studies on AMR in the sewage environment in Japan from the published literature. Our review showed that a wide variety of clinically important antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antimicrobial residues are present in human wastewater in Japan. Their concentrations are lower than in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and are further reduced by sewage treatment plants (STPs) before discharge. Nevertheless, the remaining ARB and ARGs could be an important source of AMR contamination in river water. Furthermore, hospital effluence may be an important reservoir of clinically important ARB. The high concentration of antimicrobial agents commonly prescribed in Japan may contribute to the selection and dissemination of AMR within wastewater. Our review shows the importance of both monitoring for AMR and antimicrobials in human wastewater and efforts to reduce their contamination load in wastewater.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/7/849antibiotic-resistant bacteriaantibiotic resistance geneswater environmentwastewatersewage treatment plantresidual antibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Hiroaki Baba Masateru Nishiyama Toru Watanabe Hajime Kanamori Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives Antibiotics antibiotic-resistant bacteria antibiotic resistance genes water environment wastewater sewage treatment plant residual antibiotics |
| title | Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
| title_full | Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
| title_short | Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
| title_sort | review of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater in japan current challenges and future perspectives |
| topic | antibiotic-resistant bacteria antibiotic resistance genes water environment wastewater sewage treatment plant residual antibiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/7/849 |
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