C-Reactive Protein Binds to Cholesterol Crystals and Co-Localizes with the Terminal Complement Complex in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Inflammation is a part of the initial process leading to atherosclerosis and cholesterol crystals (CC), found in atherosclerotic plaques, which are known to induce complement activation. The pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP), long pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and serum amyloid P component (SAP) are serum p...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
| Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-08-01
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| Colección: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01040/full |
| _version_ | 1829502675012550656 |
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| author | Katrine Pilely Stefano Fumagalli Anne Rosbjerg Ninette Genster Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt Carlo Perego Angela M. R. Ferrante Maria-Grazia De Simoni Peter Garred |
| author_facet | Katrine Pilely Stefano Fumagalli Anne Rosbjerg Ninette Genster Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt Carlo Perego Angela M. R. Ferrante Maria-Grazia De Simoni Peter Garred |
| author_sort | Katrine Pilely |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inflammation is a part of the initial process leading to atherosclerosis and cholesterol crystals (CC), found in atherosclerotic plaques, which are known to induce complement activation. The pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP), long pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and serum amyloid P component (SAP) are serum proteins associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and these proteins have been shown to interact with the complement system. Whether the pentraxins binds to CC and mediate downstream complement-dependent inflammatory processes remains unknown. Binding of CRP, PTX3, and SAP to CC was investigated in vitro by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. CRP, PTX3, and SAP bound to CC in a concentration-dependent manner. CRP and PTX3 interacted with the complement pattern recognition molecule C1q on CC by increasing the binding of both purified C1q and C1q in plasma. However, CRP was the strongest mediator of C1q binding and also the pentraxin that most potently elevated C1q-mediated complement activation. In a phagocytic assay using whole blood, we confirmed that phagocytosis of CC is complement dependent and initiated by C1q-mediated activation. The pathophysiological relevance of the in vitro observations was examined in vivo in human atherosclerotic plaques. CRP, PTX3, and SAP were all found in atherosclerotic plaques and were located mainly in the cholesterol-rich necrotic core, but co-localization with the terminal C5b-9 complement complex was only found for CRP. In conclusion, this study identifies CRP as a strong C1q recruiter and complement facilitator on CC, which may be highly relevant for the development of atherosclerosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T09:41:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e130ea48d2854fb8a8b757082b51a527 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T09:41:56Z |
| publishDate | 2017-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e130ea48d2854fb8a8b757082b51a5272022-12-21T22:36:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242017-08-01810.3389/fimmu.2017.01040291389C-Reactive Protein Binds to Cholesterol Crystals and Co-Localizes with the Terminal Complement Complex in Human Atherosclerotic PlaquesKatrine Pilely0Stefano Fumagalli1Anne Rosbjerg2Ninette Genster3Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt4Carlo Perego5Angela M. R. Ferrante6Maria-Grazia De Simoni7Peter Garred8Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS, Milan, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkLaboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkLaboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS, Milan, ItalyUniversità Cattolica del S.Cuore, Istituto di Patologia Chirurgica, Fondazione “Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli”, Polo Scienze cardiovascolari e toraciche, Roma, ItalyIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS, Milan, ItalyLaboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkInflammation is a part of the initial process leading to atherosclerosis and cholesterol crystals (CC), found in atherosclerotic plaques, which are known to induce complement activation. The pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP), long pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and serum amyloid P component (SAP) are serum proteins associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and these proteins have been shown to interact with the complement system. Whether the pentraxins binds to CC and mediate downstream complement-dependent inflammatory processes remains unknown. Binding of CRP, PTX3, and SAP to CC was investigated in vitro by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. CRP, PTX3, and SAP bound to CC in a concentration-dependent manner. CRP and PTX3 interacted with the complement pattern recognition molecule C1q on CC by increasing the binding of both purified C1q and C1q in plasma. However, CRP was the strongest mediator of C1q binding and also the pentraxin that most potently elevated C1q-mediated complement activation. In a phagocytic assay using whole blood, we confirmed that phagocytosis of CC is complement dependent and initiated by C1q-mediated activation. The pathophysiological relevance of the in vitro observations was examined in vivo in human atherosclerotic plaques. CRP, PTX3, and SAP were all found in atherosclerotic plaques and were located mainly in the cholesterol-rich necrotic core, but co-localization with the terminal C5b-9 complement complex was only found for CRP. In conclusion, this study identifies CRP as a strong C1q recruiter and complement facilitator on CC, which may be highly relevant for the development of atherosclerosis.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01040/fullatherosclerosiscomplement activationcholesterol crystalsC-reactive proteinpentraxin 3serum amyloid P component |
| spellingShingle | Katrine Pilely Stefano Fumagalli Anne Rosbjerg Ninette Genster Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt Carlo Perego Angela M. R. Ferrante Maria-Grazia De Simoni Peter Garred C-Reactive Protein Binds to Cholesterol Crystals and Co-Localizes with the Terminal Complement Complex in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques Frontiers in Immunology atherosclerosis complement activation cholesterol crystals C-reactive protein pentraxin 3 serum amyloid P component |
| title | C-Reactive Protein Binds to Cholesterol Crystals and Co-Localizes with the Terminal Complement Complex in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques |
| title_full | C-Reactive Protein Binds to Cholesterol Crystals and Co-Localizes with the Terminal Complement Complex in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques |
| title_fullStr | C-Reactive Protein Binds to Cholesterol Crystals and Co-Localizes with the Terminal Complement Complex in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques |
| title_full_unstemmed | C-Reactive Protein Binds to Cholesterol Crystals and Co-Localizes with the Terminal Complement Complex in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques |
| title_short | C-Reactive Protein Binds to Cholesterol Crystals and Co-Localizes with the Terminal Complement Complex in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques |
| title_sort | c reactive protein binds to cholesterol crystals and co localizes with the terminal complement complex in human atherosclerotic plaques |
| topic | atherosclerosis complement activation cholesterol crystals C-reactive protein pentraxin 3 serum amyloid P component |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01040/full |
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