Decoration of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles onto the Surface of MWCNT-Grafted Glass Fibers: A Simple Approach for the Creation of Binary Nanoparticle Hierarchical and Multifunctional Composite Interphases
We report on a versatile method for chemically grafting multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto the surface of conventional glass fibers (GFs), as well as depositing further silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) or superparamagnetic (SPM) magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub&...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/12/2500 |
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| author | Markos Petousis Lazaros Tzounis Dimitrios Papageorgiou Nectarios Vidakis |
| author_facet | Markos Petousis Lazaros Tzounis Dimitrios Papageorgiou Nectarios Vidakis |
| author_sort | Markos Petousis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report on a versatile method for chemically grafting multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto the surface of conventional glass fibers (GFs), as well as depositing further silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) or superparamagnetic (SPM) magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) creating novel hierarchical reinforcements. The CNT-grafted GFs (GF-CNT) were utilized further as the support to decorate nano-sized SiO<sub>2</sub> or Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> via electrostatic interactions, resulting finally into double hierarchy reinforcements. SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were first used as model nano-particulate objects to investigate the interfacial adhesion properties of binary coated GFs (denoted as GF-CNT/SiO<sub>2</sub>) in epoxy matrix via single fiber pull-out (SFPO) tests. The results indicated that the apparent interfacial shear strength (IFSS or <i>τ<sub>app</sub></i>) was significantly increased compared to the GF-CNT. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs were assembled also onto CNT-grafted GFs resulting into GF-CNT/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The fibers exhibited a magnetic response upon being exposed to an external magnet. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the surface morphologies of the different hierarchical fibers fabricated in this work. The interphase microstructure of GF-CNT and GF-CNT/SiO<sub>2</sub> embedded in epoxy was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hybrid and hierarchical GFs are promising multifunctional reinforcements with appr. 85% increase of the IFSS as compared to typical amino-silane modified GFs. It could be envisaged that, among other purposes, GF-CNT/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> could be potentially recyclable reinforcements, especially when embedded in thermoplastic polymer matrices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:07:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e13633aef5504857a83068eb54bfb2ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:07:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-e13633aef5504857a83068eb54bfb2ca2023-11-21T00:36:04ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-12-011012250010.3390/nano10122500Decoration of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles onto the Surface of MWCNT-Grafted Glass Fibers: A Simple Approach for the Creation of Binary Nanoparticle Hierarchical and Multifunctional Composite InterphasesMarkos Petousis0Lazaros Tzounis1Dimitrios Papageorgiou2Nectarios Vidakis3Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceSchool of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UKMechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, GreeceWe report on a versatile method for chemically grafting multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto the surface of conventional glass fibers (GFs), as well as depositing further silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) or superparamagnetic (SPM) magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) creating novel hierarchical reinforcements. The CNT-grafted GFs (GF-CNT) were utilized further as the support to decorate nano-sized SiO<sub>2</sub> or Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> via electrostatic interactions, resulting finally into double hierarchy reinforcements. SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were first used as model nano-particulate objects to investigate the interfacial adhesion properties of binary coated GFs (denoted as GF-CNT/SiO<sub>2</sub>) in epoxy matrix via single fiber pull-out (SFPO) tests. The results indicated that the apparent interfacial shear strength (IFSS or <i>τ<sub>app</sub></i>) was significantly increased compared to the GF-CNT. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs were assembled also onto CNT-grafted GFs resulting into GF-CNT/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The fibers exhibited a magnetic response upon being exposed to an external magnet. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the surface morphologies of the different hierarchical fibers fabricated in this work. The interphase microstructure of GF-CNT and GF-CNT/SiO<sub>2</sub> embedded in epoxy was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hybrid and hierarchical GFs are promising multifunctional reinforcements with appr. 85% increase of the IFSS as compared to typical amino-silane modified GFs. It could be envisaged that, among other purposes, GF-CNT/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> could be potentially recyclable reinforcements, especially when embedded in thermoplastic polymer matrices.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/12/2500hierarchical reinforcementsnanostructured interfacessingle-fiber model compositesmicromechanicsfiber reinforced polymer (FRP) compositesmulti-functional composites |
| spellingShingle | Markos Petousis Lazaros Tzounis Dimitrios Papageorgiou Nectarios Vidakis Decoration of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles onto the Surface of MWCNT-Grafted Glass Fibers: A Simple Approach for the Creation of Binary Nanoparticle Hierarchical and Multifunctional Composite Interphases Nanomaterials hierarchical reinforcements nanostructured interfaces single-fiber model composites micromechanics fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites multi-functional composites |
| title | Decoration of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles onto the Surface of MWCNT-Grafted Glass Fibers: A Simple Approach for the Creation of Binary Nanoparticle Hierarchical and Multifunctional Composite Interphases |
| title_full | Decoration of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles onto the Surface of MWCNT-Grafted Glass Fibers: A Simple Approach for the Creation of Binary Nanoparticle Hierarchical and Multifunctional Composite Interphases |
| title_fullStr | Decoration of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles onto the Surface of MWCNT-Grafted Glass Fibers: A Simple Approach for the Creation of Binary Nanoparticle Hierarchical and Multifunctional Composite Interphases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decoration of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles onto the Surface of MWCNT-Grafted Glass Fibers: A Simple Approach for the Creation of Binary Nanoparticle Hierarchical and Multifunctional Composite Interphases |
| title_short | Decoration of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles onto the Surface of MWCNT-Grafted Glass Fibers: A Simple Approach for the Creation of Binary Nanoparticle Hierarchical and Multifunctional Composite Interphases |
| title_sort | decoration of sio sub 2 sub and fe sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub nanoparticles onto the surface of mwcnt grafted glass fibers a simple approach for the creation of binary nanoparticle hierarchical and multifunctional composite interphases |
| topic | hierarchical reinforcements nanostructured interfaces single-fiber model composites micromechanics fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites multi-functional composites |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/12/2500 |
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