Receptivity to malaria in the China–Myanmar border in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China
Abstract Background The re-establishment of malaria has become an important public health issue in and out of China, and receptivity to this disease is key to its re-emergence. Yingjiang is one of the few counties with locally acquired malaria cases in the China–Myanmar border in China. This study a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2126-z |
| _version_ | 1818333803629772800 |
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| author | Tianmu Chen Shaosen Zhang Shui-Sen Zhou Xuezhong Wang Chunhai Luo Xucan Zeng Xiangrui Guo Zurui Lin Hong Tu Xiaodong Sun Hongning Zhou |
| author_facet | Tianmu Chen Shaosen Zhang Shui-Sen Zhou Xuezhong Wang Chunhai Luo Xucan Zeng Xiangrui Guo Zurui Lin Hong Tu Xiaodong Sun Hongning Zhou |
| author_sort | Tianmu Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The re-establishment of malaria has become an important public health issue in and out of China, and receptivity to this disease is key to its re-emergence. Yingjiang is one of the few counties with locally acquired malaria cases in the China–Myanmar border in China. This study aimed to understand receptivity to malaria in Yingjiang County, China, from June to October 2016. Methods Light-traps were employed to capture the mosquitoes in 17 villages in eight towns which were categorized into four elevation levels: level 1, 0–599 m; level 2, 600–1199 m; level 3, 1200–1799 m; and level 4, > 1800 m. Species richness, diversity, dominance and evenness were used to picture the community structure. Similarity in species composition was compared between different elevation levels. Data of seasonal abundance of mosquitoes, human biting rate, density of light-trap-captured adult mosquitoes and larvae, parous rate, and height distribution (density) of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles sinensis were collected in two towns (Na Bang and Ping Yuan) each month from June to October, 2016. Results Over the study period, 10,053 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from the eight towns, and 15 Anopheles species were identified, the most-common of which were An. sinensis (75.4%), Anopheles kunmingensis (15.6%), and An. minimus (3.5%). Anopheles minimus was the major malaria vector in low-elevation areas (< 600 m, i.e., Na Bang town), and An. sinensis in medium-elevation areas (600–1200 m, i.e., Ping Yuan town). In Na Bang, the peak human-biting rate of An. minimus at the inner and outer sites of the village occurred in June and August 2016, with 5/bait/night and 15/bait/night, respectively. In Ping Yuan, the peak human-biting rate of An. sinensis was in August, with 9/bait/night at the inner site and 21/bait/night at the outer site. The two towns exhibited seasonal abundance with high density of the two adult vectors: The peak density of An. minimus was in June and that of An. sinensis was in August. Meanwhile, the peak larval density of An. minimus was in July, but that of An. sinensis decreased during the investigation season; the slightly acidic water suited the growth of these vectors. The parous rates of An. sinensis and An. minimus were 90.46 and 93.33%, respectively. Conclusions The Anopheles community was spread across different elevation levels. Its structure was complex and stable during the entire epidemic season in low-elevation areas at the border. The high human-biting rates, adult and larval densities, and parous rates of the two Anopheles vectors reveal an exceedingly high receptivity to malaria in the China–Myanmar border in Yingjiang County. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T13:57:27Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e1377f888c384d329c19d803f7f88254 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T13:57:27Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1377f888c384d329c19d803f7f882542022-12-21T23:42:52ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752017-11-0116111410.1186/s12936-017-2126-zReceptivity to malaria in the China–Myanmar border in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, ChinaTianmu Chen0Shaosen Zhang1Shui-Sen Zhou2Xuezhong Wang3Chunhai Luo4Xucan Zeng5Xiangrui Guo6Zurui Lin7Hong Tu8Xiaodong Sun9Hongning Zhou10Department of Malaria, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Malaria, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Malaria, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionYunnan Institute of Parasitic DiseasesYunnan Institute of Parasitic DiseasesYunnan Institute of Parasitic DiseasesYingjiang County Center for Disease Control and PreventionYunnan Institute of Parasitic DiseasesDepartment of Malaria, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionYunnan Institute of Parasitic DiseasesYunnan Institute of Parasitic DiseasesAbstract Background The re-establishment of malaria has become an important public health issue in and out of China, and receptivity to this disease is key to its re-emergence. Yingjiang is one of the few counties with locally acquired malaria cases in the China–Myanmar border in China. This study aimed to understand receptivity to malaria in Yingjiang County, China, from June to October 2016. Methods Light-traps were employed to capture the mosquitoes in 17 villages in eight towns which were categorized into four elevation levels: level 1, 0–599 m; level 2, 600–1199 m; level 3, 1200–1799 m; and level 4, > 1800 m. Species richness, diversity, dominance and evenness were used to picture the community structure. Similarity in species composition was compared between different elevation levels. Data of seasonal abundance of mosquitoes, human biting rate, density of light-trap-captured adult mosquitoes and larvae, parous rate, and height distribution (density) of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles sinensis were collected in two towns (Na Bang and Ping Yuan) each month from June to October, 2016. Results Over the study period, 10,053 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from the eight towns, and 15 Anopheles species were identified, the most-common of which were An. sinensis (75.4%), Anopheles kunmingensis (15.6%), and An. minimus (3.5%). Anopheles minimus was the major malaria vector in low-elevation areas (< 600 m, i.e., Na Bang town), and An. sinensis in medium-elevation areas (600–1200 m, i.e., Ping Yuan town). In Na Bang, the peak human-biting rate of An. minimus at the inner and outer sites of the village occurred in June and August 2016, with 5/bait/night and 15/bait/night, respectively. In Ping Yuan, the peak human-biting rate of An. sinensis was in August, with 9/bait/night at the inner site and 21/bait/night at the outer site. The two towns exhibited seasonal abundance with high density of the two adult vectors: The peak density of An. minimus was in June and that of An. sinensis was in August. Meanwhile, the peak larval density of An. minimus was in July, but that of An. sinensis decreased during the investigation season; the slightly acidic water suited the growth of these vectors. The parous rates of An. sinensis and An. minimus were 90.46 and 93.33%, respectively. Conclusions The Anopheles community was spread across different elevation levels. Its structure was complex and stable during the entire epidemic season in low-elevation areas at the border. The high human-biting rates, adult and larval densities, and parous rates of the two Anopheles vectors reveal an exceedingly high receptivity to malaria in the China–Myanmar border in Yingjiang County.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2126-zReceptivityCommunity structureAnopheles communityMalaria transmissionRe-establishmentChina–Myanmar border |
| spellingShingle | Tianmu Chen Shaosen Zhang Shui-Sen Zhou Xuezhong Wang Chunhai Luo Xucan Zeng Xiangrui Guo Zurui Lin Hong Tu Xiaodong Sun Hongning Zhou Receptivity to malaria in the China–Myanmar border in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China Malaria Journal Receptivity Community structure Anopheles community Malaria transmission Re-establishment China–Myanmar border |
| title | Receptivity to malaria in the China–Myanmar border in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China |
| title_full | Receptivity to malaria in the China–Myanmar border in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China |
| title_fullStr | Receptivity to malaria in the China–Myanmar border in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Receptivity to malaria in the China–Myanmar border in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China |
| title_short | Receptivity to malaria in the China–Myanmar border in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China |
| title_sort | receptivity to malaria in the china myanmar border in yingjiang county yunnan province china |
| topic | Receptivity Community structure Anopheles community Malaria transmission Re-establishment China–Myanmar border |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2126-z |
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