Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of North American Irish Wolfhounds

Abstract Background Cardiac disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Irish Wolfhounds (IWs), but its prevalence and clinical characteristics in North American IWs are incompletely described. Hypothesis/Objectives That atrial fibrillation (AF) is a diagnostic marker of echocardiogr...

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Main Authors: William D. Tyrrell Jr., Jonathan A. Abbott, Steven L. Rosenthal, Mariellen Dentino, Frances Abrams
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-03-01
Series:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15709
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author William D. Tyrrell Jr.
Jonathan A. Abbott
Steven L. Rosenthal
Mariellen Dentino
Frances Abrams
author_facet William D. Tyrrell Jr.
Jonathan A. Abbott
Steven L. Rosenthal
Mariellen Dentino
Frances Abrams
author_sort William D. Tyrrell Jr.
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Cardiac disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Irish Wolfhounds (IWs), but its prevalence and clinical characteristics in North American IWs are incompletely described. Hypothesis/Objectives That atrial fibrillation (AF) is a diagnostic marker of echocardiographic abnormalities, and that clinical characteristics predict development of IW cardiomyopathy (IWCM). To define the prevalence of arrhythmias and echocardiographic abnormalities in North American IWs. Animals Six hundred and forty‐five adult IWs presented for screening examinations intended to identify familial cardiac disease. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, reference intervals defined based on echocardiographic data from IW classified as normal, were used to define the prevalence of structural and functional abnormalities. A logistic model was developed to identify clinical findings that predict future development of IWCM. Results The prevalence of AF was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6‐11.2) of which 55.5% had echocardiographic abnormalities. IWCM defined by left atrial enlargement, left ventricular dilatation, and systolic dysfunction had a prevalence of 1.8% (0.72‐2.8). Positive and negative likelihood ratios for AF in the identification of IWCM were, respectively, 10.8 (7.29‐16) and 0.2 (0.06‐0.69). Multivariable logistic regression identified AF (odds ratio [OR]; 10.6, 95% CI, 2.67‐42.3) and male sex (OR; 3.8, 95% CI, 1.02‐14) as predictors of future development of IWCM. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Atrial fibrillation is common in North American IW. It occurs in association with structural cardiac disease but also in its absence. Irish Wolfhounds cardiomyopathy is characterized by chamber enlargement but minimally decreased ejection phase indices of myocardial function. Atrial fibrillation is a risk factor for future development of IWCM.
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spelling doaj.art-e13b741a66e34480a3ec6dbff9f16d892022-12-22T00:52:07ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762020-03-0134258159010.1111/jvim.15709Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of North American Irish WolfhoundsWilliam D. Tyrrell Jr.0Jonathan A. Abbott1Steven L. Rosenthal2Mariellen Dentino3Frances Abrams4CVCA: Cardiac Care for Pets Leesburg VirginiaDepartment of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech Blacksburg VirginiaCVCA: Cardiac Care for Pets Towson MarylandIrish Wolfhound Foundation Evansville IndianaIrish Wolfhound Foundation Yellow Springs OhioAbstract Background Cardiac disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Irish Wolfhounds (IWs), but its prevalence and clinical characteristics in North American IWs are incompletely described. Hypothesis/Objectives That atrial fibrillation (AF) is a diagnostic marker of echocardiographic abnormalities, and that clinical characteristics predict development of IW cardiomyopathy (IWCM). To define the prevalence of arrhythmias and echocardiographic abnormalities in North American IWs. Animals Six hundred and forty‐five adult IWs presented for screening examinations intended to identify familial cardiac disease. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, reference intervals defined based on echocardiographic data from IW classified as normal, were used to define the prevalence of structural and functional abnormalities. A logistic model was developed to identify clinical findings that predict future development of IWCM. Results The prevalence of AF was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6‐11.2) of which 55.5% had echocardiographic abnormalities. IWCM defined by left atrial enlargement, left ventricular dilatation, and systolic dysfunction had a prevalence of 1.8% (0.72‐2.8). Positive and negative likelihood ratios for AF in the identification of IWCM were, respectively, 10.8 (7.29‐16) and 0.2 (0.06‐0.69). Multivariable logistic regression identified AF (odds ratio [OR]; 10.6, 95% CI, 2.67‐42.3) and male sex (OR; 3.8, 95% CI, 1.02‐14) as predictors of future development of IWCM. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Atrial fibrillation is common in North American IW. It occurs in association with structural cardiac disease but also in its absence. Irish Wolfhounds cardiomyopathy is characterized by chamber enlargement but minimally decreased ejection phase indices of myocardial function. Atrial fibrillation is a risk factor for future development of IWCM.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15709atrial fibrillationcaninecardiomyopathyprevalence
spellingShingle William D. Tyrrell Jr.
Jonathan A. Abbott
Steven L. Rosenthal
Mariellen Dentino
Frances Abrams
Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of North American Irish Wolfhounds
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
atrial fibrillation
canine
cardiomyopathy
prevalence
title Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of North American Irish Wolfhounds
title_full Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of North American Irish Wolfhounds
title_fullStr Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of North American Irish Wolfhounds
title_full_unstemmed Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of North American Irish Wolfhounds
title_short Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of North American Irish Wolfhounds
title_sort echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of north american irish wolfhounds
topic atrial fibrillation
canine
cardiomyopathy
prevalence
url https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15709
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AT stevenlrosenthal echocardiographicandelectrocardiographicevaluationofnorthamericanirishwolfhounds
AT mariellendentino echocardiographicandelectrocardiographicevaluationofnorthamericanirishwolfhounds
AT francesabrams echocardiographicandelectrocardiographicevaluationofnorthamericanirishwolfhounds