Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreaks
Equid Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a multifactorial disease following an EHV-1 infection in Equidae. We investigated a total of 589 horses on 13 premises in Europe in search of risk factors for the development of EHM. We found that fever (<i>p</i> < 0.001), increasing age...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/11/2576 |
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| author | Eva Klouth Yury Zablotski Jessica L. Petersen Marco de Bruijn Gittan Gröndahl Susanne Müller Lutz S. Goehring |
| author_facet | Eva Klouth Yury Zablotski Jessica L. Petersen Marco de Bruijn Gittan Gröndahl Susanne Müller Lutz S. Goehring |
| author_sort | Eva Klouth |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Equid Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a multifactorial disease following an EHV-1 infection in Equidae. We investigated a total of 589 horses on 13 premises in Europe in search of risk factors for the development of EHM. We found that fever (<i>p</i> < 0.001), increasing age (<i>p</i> = 0.032), and female sex (<i>p</i> = 0.042) were risk factors for EHM in a logistic mixed model. Some breeds had a decreased risk to develop EHM compared to others (Shetland and Welsh ponies; <i>p</i> = 0.017; <i>p</i> = 0.031), and fewer EHV-1-vaccinated horses were affected by EHM compared to unvaccinated horses (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Data evaluation was complex due to high variability between outbreaks with regards to construction and environment; viral characteristics and the virus’s transmissibility were affected by operational management. This study confirms earlier suspected host-specific risk factors, and our data support the benefit of high vaccine coverage at high-traffic boarding facilities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:56:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1697fc78fbc43818a23d567ed9a48d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:56:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1697fc78fbc43818a23d567ed9a48d52023-11-24T10:19:31ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-11-011411257610.3390/v14112576Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) OutbreaksEva Klouth0Yury Zablotski1Jessica L. Petersen2Marco de Bruijn3Gittan Gröndahl4Susanne Müller5Lutz S. Goehring6Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, GermanyCenter for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USAWolvega Equine Hospital, 8474 EA Oldeholtpade, The NetherlandsNational Veterinary Institute (SVE), 75189 Uppsala, SwedenBaden-Wuerttemberg Animal Health Services, 70736 Fellbach, GermanyM.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, College of Agriculture, Food and the Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USAEquid Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a multifactorial disease following an EHV-1 infection in Equidae. We investigated a total of 589 horses on 13 premises in Europe in search of risk factors for the development of EHM. We found that fever (<i>p</i> < 0.001), increasing age (<i>p</i> = 0.032), and female sex (<i>p</i> = 0.042) were risk factors for EHM in a logistic mixed model. Some breeds had a decreased risk to develop EHM compared to others (Shetland and Welsh ponies; <i>p</i> = 0.017; <i>p</i> = 0.031), and fewer EHV-1-vaccinated horses were affected by EHM compared to unvaccinated horses (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Data evaluation was complex due to high variability between outbreaks with regards to construction and environment; viral characteristics and the virus’s transmissibility were affected by operational management. This study confirms earlier suspected host-specific risk factors, and our data support the benefit of high vaccine coverage at high-traffic boarding facilities.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/11/2576risk factorboarding facilityagebreedsexvaccination |
| spellingShingle | Eva Klouth Yury Zablotski Jessica L. Petersen Marco de Bruijn Gittan Gröndahl Susanne Müller Lutz S. Goehring Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreaks Viruses risk factor boarding facility age breed sex vaccination |
| title | Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreaks |
| title_full | Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreaks |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreaks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreaks |
| title_short | Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreaks |
| title_sort | epidemiological aspects of equid herpesvirus associated myeloencephalopathy ehm outbreaks |
| topic | risk factor boarding facility age breed sex vaccination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/11/2576 |
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