Malaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in Tanzania: semi-field experiments
Abstract Background The wide distribution of malaria mosquito breeding sites within tropical environments limits the mosquito larval source management efforts to control malaria. Rice farming contributes substantially in supporting malaria mosquito productivity in tropical countries. To overcome thi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2861-4 |
| _version_ | 1829477891764649984 |
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| author | Humphrey D. Mazigo Leonard E. G. Mboera Susan F. Rumisha Eliningaya J. Kweka |
| author_facet | Humphrey D. Mazigo Leonard E. G. Mboera Susan F. Rumisha Eliningaya J. Kweka |
| author_sort | Humphrey D. Mazigo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The wide distribution of malaria mosquito breeding sites within tropical environments limits the mosquito larval source management efforts to control malaria. Rice farming contributes substantially in supporting malaria mosquito productivity in tropical countries. To overcome this challenge, this study was carried out to determine the effect of applying a mixture of biolarvicide and fertilizer on mosquito larvae density in rice farms under semi-field conditions in Tanzania. Methods A semi-field experiment was designed to determine the timing of application of a biolarvicide, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and fertilizer (di-ammonium phosphate-DAP or urea) and assess their effect on mosquito larvae density and rice grain outputs. The experiment had five blocks (4 treatment arms and one control arm) and each had four replicates. Treatment arms had different intervals of days between treatments for mixtures of fertilizer and biolarvicides. The dosages used were 10 g of Bti/16 M2 and 160 g of DAP/Urea/16 m2. Results In overall, the intervention blocks (with biolarvicide) had lowest mean mosquito larvae abundance compared to control block (F = 22.42, P < 0.001). Similarly, the control arm maintained highest density of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae compared to interventions blocks (F = 21.6, P < 0.001). The best determined timing for application of Bti was in 7 and in 10 days (F = 3.753, P < 0.001). There was neither significant different in mean rice grain harvest per ten panicle (F = 1.453, P = 0.27) nor mean difference in rice grain harvest (F = 1.479, P = 0.26) per intervention arms. Conclusion The findings of this study have shown that application of a mixture of Bti and fertilizer have impact on both mosquito larvae density and maintaining yield rice harvest. Thus, application of a combination of biolarvicide and fertilizer can be an alternative approach in malaria mosquito intervention among rice farming communities of rural Tanzania. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:04:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e16fce047be24ac095de3b625eb91f8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:04:24Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-e16fce047be24ac095de3b625eb91f8f2022-12-21T22:53:46ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752019-07-0118111010.1186/s12936-019-2861-4Malaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in Tanzania: semi-field experimentsHumphrey D. Mazigo0Leonard E. G. Mboera1Susan F. Rumisha2Eliningaya J. Kweka3Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-BugandoSACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of AgricultureNational Institute for Medical Research, HeadquartersDepartment of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-BugandoAbstract Background The wide distribution of malaria mosquito breeding sites within tropical environments limits the mosquito larval source management efforts to control malaria. Rice farming contributes substantially in supporting malaria mosquito productivity in tropical countries. To overcome this challenge, this study was carried out to determine the effect of applying a mixture of biolarvicide and fertilizer on mosquito larvae density in rice farms under semi-field conditions in Tanzania. Methods A semi-field experiment was designed to determine the timing of application of a biolarvicide, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and fertilizer (di-ammonium phosphate-DAP or urea) and assess their effect on mosquito larvae density and rice grain outputs. The experiment had five blocks (4 treatment arms and one control arm) and each had four replicates. Treatment arms had different intervals of days between treatments for mixtures of fertilizer and biolarvicides. The dosages used were 10 g of Bti/16 M2 and 160 g of DAP/Urea/16 m2. Results In overall, the intervention blocks (with biolarvicide) had lowest mean mosquito larvae abundance compared to control block (F = 22.42, P < 0.001). Similarly, the control arm maintained highest density of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae compared to interventions blocks (F = 21.6, P < 0.001). The best determined timing for application of Bti was in 7 and in 10 days (F = 3.753, P < 0.001). There was neither significant different in mean rice grain harvest per ten panicle (F = 1.453, P = 0.27) nor mean difference in rice grain harvest (F = 1.479, P = 0.26) per intervention arms. Conclusion The findings of this study have shown that application of a mixture of Bti and fertilizer have impact on both mosquito larvae density and maintaining yield rice harvest. Thus, application of a combination of biolarvicide and fertilizer can be an alternative approach in malaria mosquito intervention among rice farming communities of rural Tanzania.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2861-4BiolarvicideFertilizerMalariaMosquitoesLarvaeRice fields |
| spellingShingle | Humphrey D. Mazigo Leonard E. G. Mboera Susan F. Rumisha Eliningaya J. Kweka Malaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in Tanzania: semi-field experiments Malaria Journal Biolarvicide Fertilizer Malaria Mosquitoes Larvae Rice fields |
| title | Malaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in Tanzania: semi-field experiments |
| title_full | Malaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in Tanzania: semi-field experiments |
| title_fullStr | Malaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in Tanzania: semi-field experiments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Malaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in Tanzania: semi-field experiments |
| title_short | Malaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in Tanzania: semi-field experiments |
| title_sort | malaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in tanzania semi field experiments |
| topic | Biolarvicide Fertilizer Malaria Mosquitoes Larvae Rice fields |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2861-4 |
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