Venomics Reveals Venom Complexity of the Piscivorous Cone Snail, <i>Conus tulipa</i>
The piscivorous cone snail <i>Conus tulipa</i> has evolved a net-hunting strategy, akin to the deadly <i>Conus geographus</i>, and is considered the second most dangerous cone snail to humans. Here, we present the first venomics study of <i>C. tulipa</i> venom usi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/17/1/71 |
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| author | Mriga Dutt Sébastien Dutertre Ai-Hua Jin Vincent Lavergne Paul Francis Alewood Richard James Lewis |
| author_facet | Mriga Dutt Sébastien Dutertre Ai-Hua Jin Vincent Lavergne Paul Francis Alewood Richard James Lewis |
| author_sort | Mriga Dutt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The piscivorous cone snail <i>Conus tulipa</i> has evolved a net-hunting strategy, akin to the deadly <i>Conus geographus</i>, and is considered the second most dangerous cone snail to humans. Here, we present the first venomics study of <i>C. tulipa</i> venom using integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Parallel transcriptomic analysis of two <i>C. tulipa</i> specimens revealed striking differences in conopeptide expression levels (2.5-fold) between individuals, identifying 522 and 328 conotoxin precursors from 18 known gene superfamilies. Despite broad overlap at the superfamily level, only 86 precursors (11%) were common to both specimens. Conantokins (NMDA antagonists) from the superfamily B1 dominated the transcriptome and proteome of <i>C. tulipa</i> venom, along with superfamilies B2, A, O1, O3, con-ikot-ikot and conopressins, plus novel putative conotoxins precursors T1.3, T6.2, T6.3, T6.4 and T8.1. Thus, <i>C. tulipa</i> venom comprised both paralytic (putative ion channel modulating α-, ω-, μ-, δ-) and non-paralytic (conantokins, con-ikot-ikots, conopressins) conotoxins. This venomic study confirms the potential for non-paralytic conotoxins to contribute to the net-hunting strategy of <i>C. tulipa.</i> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:37:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1718cb9be61434da761d90a0e4415cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:37:06Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1718cb9be61434da761d90a0e4415cd2022-12-22T04:23:36ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972019-01-011717110.3390/md17010071md17010071Venomics Reveals Venom Complexity of the Piscivorous Cone Snail, <i>Conus tulipa</i>Mriga Dutt0Sébastien Dutertre1Ai-Hua Jin2Vincent Lavergne3Paul Francis Alewood4Richard James Lewis5Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4068, AustraliaInstitut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier-CNRS, 34093 Montpellier, FranceInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4068, AustraliaLéon Bérard Cancer Center, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, FranceInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4068, AustraliaInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4068, AustraliaThe piscivorous cone snail <i>Conus tulipa</i> has evolved a net-hunting strategy, akin to the deadly <i>Conus geographus</i>, and is considered the second most dangerous cone snail to humans. Here, we present the first venomics study of <i>C. tulipa</i> venom using integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Parallel transcriptomic analysis of two <i>C. tulipa</i> specimens revealed striking differences in conopeptide expression levels (2.5-fold) between individuals, identifying 522 and 328 conotoxin precursors from 18 known gene superfamilies. Despite broad overlap at the superfamily level, only 86 precursors (11%) were common to both specimens. Conantokins (NMDA antagonists) from the superfamily B1 dominated the transcriptome and proteome of <i>C. tulipa</i> venom, along with superfamilies B2, A, O1, O3, con-ikot-ikot and conopressins, plus novel putative conotoxins precursors T1.3, T6.2, T6.3, T6.4 and T8.1. Thus, <i>C. tulipa</i> venom comprised both paralytic (putative ion channel modulating α-, ω-, μ-, δ-) and non-paralytic (conantokins, con-ikot-ikots, conopressins) conotoxins. This venomic study confirms the potential for non-paralytic conotoxins to contribute to the net-hunting strategy of <i>C. tulipa.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/17/1/71conotoxin<i>Conus tulipa</i>intraspecific variationvenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsconantokinsnet hunting strategynirvana cabalion channel modulators |
| spellingShingle | Mriga Dutt Sébastien Dutertre Ai-Hua Jin Vincent Lavergne Paul Francis Alewood Richard James Lewis Venomics Reveals Venom Complexity of the Piscivorous Cone Snail, <i>Conus tulipa</i> Marine Drugs conotoxin <i>Conus tulipa</i> intraspecific variation venomics transcriptomics proteomics conantokins net hunting strategy nirvana cabal ion channel modulators |
| title | Venomics Reveals Venom Complexity of the Piscivorous Cone Snail, <i>Conus tulipa</i> |
| title_full | Venomics Reveals Venom Complexity of the Piscivorous Cone Snail, <i>Conus tulipa</i> |
| title_fullStr | Venomics Reveals Venom Complexity of the Piscivorous Cone Snail, <i>Conus tulipa</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Venomics Reveals Venom Complexity of the Piscivorous Cone Snail, <i>Conus tulipa</i> |
| title_short | Venomics Reveals Venom Complexity of the Piscivorous Cone Snail, <i>Conus tulipa</i> |
| title_sort | venomics reveals venom complexity of the piscivorous cone snail i conus tulipa i |
| topic | conotoxin <i>Conus tulipa</i> intraspecific variation venomics transcriptomics proteomics conantokins net hunting strategy nirvana cabal ion channel modulators |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/17/1/71 |
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