Improvement of Downstream Flow by Modifying SWAT Reservoir Operation Considering Irrigation Water and Environmental Flow from Agricultural Reservoirs in South Korea
This study aims to develop a reservoir operation rule adding downstream environmental flow release (EFR) to the exclusive use of irrigation water supply (IWS) from agricultural reservoirs through canals to rice paddy areas. A reservoir operation option was added in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/18/2543 |
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| author | Jinuk Kim Jiwan Lee Jongyoon Park Sehoon Kim Seongjoon Kim |
| author_facet | Jinuk Kim Jiwan Lee Jongyoon Park Sehoon Kim Seongjoon Kim |
| author_sort | Jinuk Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims to develop a reservoir operation rule adding downstream environmental flow release (EFR) to the exclusive use of irrigation water supply (IWS) from agricultural reservoirs through canals to rice paddy areas. A reservoir operation option was added in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to handle both EFR and IWS. For a 366.5 km<sup>2</sup> watershed including three agricultural reservoirs and a rice paddy irrigation area of 4744.7 ha, the SWAT was calibrated and validated using 21 years (1998–2018) of daily reservoir water levels and downstream flow data at Gongdo (GD) station. For reservoir water level and streamflow, the average root means square error (RMSE) ranged from 19.70 mm to 19.54 mm, and the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) had no effect on the improved SWAT. By applying the new reservoir option, the EFR amount for a day was controlled by keeping the reservoir water level up in order to ensure that the IWS was definitely satisfied in any case. The downstream mean wet streamflow (Q95) decreased to 5.70 m<sup>3</sup>/sec from 5.71 m<sup>3</sup>/sec and the mean minimum flow (Q355) increased to 1.05 m<sup>3</sup>/sec from 0.94 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. Through the development of a SWAT reservoir operation module that satisfies multiple water supply needs such as IWR and EFR, it is possible to manage agricultural water in the irrigation period and control the environmental flow in non-irrigation periods. This study provides useful information to evaluate and understand the future impacts of various changes in climate and environmental flows at other sites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:08:08Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e17ec09a1511451ca8c839004bf7edbd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:08:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-e17ec09a1511451ca8c839004bf7edbd2023-11-22T15:41:01ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-09-011318254310.3390/w13182543Improvement of Downstream Flow by Modifying SWAT Reservoir Operation Considering Irrigation Water and Environmental Flow from Agricultural Reservoirs in South KoreaJinuk Kim0Jiwan Lee1Jongyoon Park2Sehoon Kim3Seongjoon Kim4Department of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaEnvironmental Assessment Group, Division of Resource & Energy Assessment, Korea Environment Institute, 370 Sicheong-daero, Sejong 30147, KoreaDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDivision of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, KoreaThis study aims to develop a reservoir operation rule adding downstream environmental flow release (EFR) to the exclusive use of irrigation water supply (IWS) from agricultural reservoirs through canals to rice paddy areas. A reservoir operation option was added in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to handle both EFR and IWS. For a 366.5 km<sup>2</sup> watershed including three agricultural reservoirs and a rice paddy irrigation area of 4744.7 ha, the SWAT was calibrated and validated using 21 years (1998–2018) of daily reservoir water levels and downstream flow data at Gongdo (GD) station. For reservoir water level and streamflow, the average root means square error (RMSE) ranged from 19.70 mm to 19.54 mm, and the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) had no effect on the improved SWAT. By applying the new reservoir option, the EFR amount for a day was controlled by keeping the reservoir water level up in order to ensure that the IWS was definitely satisfied in any case. The downstream mean wet streamflow (Q95) decreased to 5.70 m<sup>3</sup>/sec from 5.71 m<sup>3</sup>/sec and the mean minimum flow (Q355) increased to 1.05 m<sup>3</sup>/sec from 0.94 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. Through the development of a SWAT reservoir operation module that satisfies multiple water supply needs such as IWR and EFR, it is possible to manage agricultural water in the irrigation period and control the environmental flow in non-irrigation periods. This study provides useful information to evaluate and understand the future impacts of various changes in climate and environmental flows at other sites.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/18/2543soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)environmental flow system analysisreservoir operation moduleirrigation water requirement |
| spellingShingle | Jinuk Kim Jiwan Lee Jongyoon Park Sehoon Kim Seongjoon Kim Improvement of Downstream Flow by Modifying SWAT Reservoir Operation Considering Irrigation Water and Environmental Flow from Agricultural Reservoirs in South Korea Water soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) environmental flow system analysis reservoir operation module irrigation water requirement |
| title | Improvement of Downstream Flow by Modifying SWAT Reservoir Operation Considering Irrigation Water and Environmental Flow from Agricultural Reservoirs in South Korea |
| title_full | Improvement of Downstream Flow by Modifying SWAT Reservoir Operation Considering Irrigation Water and Environmental Flow from Agricultural Reservoirs in South Korea |
| title_fullStr | Improvement of Downstream Flow by Modifying SWAT Reservoir Operation Considering Irrigation Water and Environmental Flow from Agricultural Reservoirs in South Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement of Downstream Flow by Modifying SWAT Reservoir Operation Considering Irrigation Water and Environmental Flow from Agricultural Reservoirs in South Korea |
| title_short | Improvement of Downstream Flow by Modifying SWAT Reservoir Operation Considering Irrigation Water and Environmental Flow from Agricultural Reservoirs in South Korea |
| title_sort | improvement of downstream flow by modifying swat reservoir operation considering irrigation water and environmental flow from agricultural reservoirs in south korea |
| topic | soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) environmental flow system analysis reservoir operation module irrigation water requirement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/18/2543 |
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