Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats
Abstract Background Quantifying the dose and distribution of tobacco smoke in the respiratory system is critical for understanding its toxicity, addiction potential, and health impacts. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the incidence of lung tumors varies across different lung regions, suggesting...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Particle and Fibre Toxicology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-023-00554-6 |
| _version_ | 1797630494030954496 |
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| author | Kaisen Lin Christopher Wallis Emily M. Wong Patricia Edwards Austin Cole Laura Van Winkle Anthony S. Wexler |
| author_facet | Kaisen Lin Christopher Wallis Emily M. Wong Patricia Edwards Austin Cole Laura Van Winkle Anthony S. Wexler |
| author_sort | Kaisen Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Quantifying the dose and distribution of tobacco smoke in the respiratory system is critical for understanding its toxicity, addiction potential, and health impacts. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the incidence of lung tumors varies across different lung regions, suggesting there may be a heterogeneous deposition of smoke particles leading to greater health risks in specific regions. Despite this, few studies have examined the lobar spatial distribution of inhaled particles from tobacco smoke. This gap in knowledge, coupled with the growing popularity of little cigars among youth, underscores the need for additional research with little cigars. Results In our study, we analyzed the lobar deposition in rat lungs of smoke particles from combusted regular and mentholated Swisher Sweets little cigars. Twelve-week-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to smoke particles at a concentration of 84 ± 5 mg/m3 for 2 h, after which individual lung lobes were examined. We utilized Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to quantify lobar chromium concentrations, serving as a smoke particle tracer. Our findings demonstrated an overall higher particle deposition from regular little cigars than from the mentholated ones. Higher particle deposition fraction was observed in the left and caudal lobes than other lobes. We also observed sex-based differences in the normalized deposition fractions among lobes. Animal study results were compared with the multi-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model predictions, which showed that the model overestimated particle deposition in certain lung regions. Conclusions Our findings revealed that the particle deposition varied between different little cigar products. The results demonstrated a heterogenous deposition pattern, with higher particle deposition observed in the left and caudal lobes, especially with the mentholated little cigars. Additionally, we identified disparities between our measurements and the MPPD model. This discrepancy highlights the need to enhance the accuracy of models before extrapolating animal study results to human lung deposition. Overall, our study provides valuable insights for estimating the dose of little cigars during smoking for toxicity research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:08:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e194768b79bb4b93b81781e56172aaf0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1743-8977 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:08:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Particle and Fibre Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e194768b79bb4b93b81781e56172aaf02023-11-12T12:04:27ZengBMCParticle and Fibre Toxicology1743-89772023-11-0120111310.1186/s12989-023-00554-6Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley ratsKaisen Lin0Christopher Wallis1Emily M. Wong2Patricia Edwards3Austin Cole4Laura Van Winkle5Anthony S. Wexler6Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State UniversityAir Quality Research Center, University of California, DavisAir Quality Research Center, University of California, DavisCenter for Health and the Environment, University of California, DavisUC Davis Interdisciplinary Center for Plasma Mass Spectrometry, University of California, DavisDepartment of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, DavisAir Quality Research Center, University of California, DavisAbstract Background Quantifying the dose and distribution of tobacco smoke in the respiratory system is critical for understanding its toxicity, addiction potential, and health impacts. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the incidence of lung tumors varies across different lung regions, suggesting there may be a heterogeneous deposition of smoke particles leading to greater health risks in specific regions. Despite this, few studies have examined the lobar spatial distribution of inhaled particles from tobacco smoke. This gap in knowledge, coupled with the growing popularity of little cigars among youth, underscores the need for additional research with little cigars. Results In our study, we analyzed the lobar deposition in rat lungs of smoke particles from combusted regular and mentholated Swisher Sweets little cigars. Twelve-week-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to smoke particles at a concentration of 84 ± 5 mg/m3 for 2 h, after which individual lung lobes were examined. We utilized Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to quantify lobar chromium concentrations, serving as a smoke particle tracer. Our findings demonstrated an overall higher particle deposition from regular little cigars than from the mentholated ones. Higher particle deposition fraction was observed in the left and caudal lobes than other lobes. We also observed sex-based differences in the normalized deposition fractions among lobes. Animal study results were compared with the multi-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model predictions, which showed that the model overestimated particle deposition in certain lung regions. Conclusions Our findings revealed that the particle deposition varied between different little cigar products. The results demonstrated a heterogenous deposition pattern, with higher particle deposition observed in the left and caudal lobes, especially with the mentholated little cigars. Additionally, we identified disparities between our measurements and the MPPD model. This discrepancy highlights the need to enhance the accuracy of models before extrapolating animal study results to human lung deposition. Overall, our study provides valuable insights for estimating the dose of little cigars during smoking for toxicity research.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-023-00554-6Little cigar smoke particlesLung lobar depositionSprague-Dawley ratsHeterogeneous depositionMPPD model |
| spellingShingle | Kaisen Lin Christopher Wallis Emily M. Wong Patricia Edwards Austin Cole Laura Van Winkle Anthony S. Wexler Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats Particle and Fibre Toxicology Little cigar smoke particles Lung lobar deposition Sprague-Dawley rats Heterogeneous deposition MPPD model |
| title | Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats |
| title_full | Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats |
| title_fullStr | Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats |
| title_short | Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats |
| title_sort | heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of sprague dawley rats |
| topic | Little cigar smoke particles Lung lobar deposition Sprague-Dawley rats Heterogeneous deposition MPPD model |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-023-00554-6 |
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