Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control
Fungal infections in cereals lead to huge economic losses in the food and agriculture industries. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in marketed cereals and explore the effect of the antagonistic yeast <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i>...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/6/404 |
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| author | Asma Alkuwari Zahoor Ul Hassan Randa Zeidan Roda Al-Thani Samir Jaoua |
| author_facet | Asma Alkuwari Zahoor Ul Hassan Randa Zeidan Roda Al-Thani Samir Jaoua |
| author_sort | Asma Alkuwari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fungal infections in cereals lead to huge economic losses in the food and agriculture industries. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in marketed cereals and explore the effect of the antagonistic yeast <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i> volatiles against key toxigenic fungal strains. <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. were the most frequent contaminating fungi in the cereals, with an isolation frequency (Fr) of 100% in maize, followed by wheat (88.23%), rice (78.57%) and oats (14.28%). Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the presence of key toxigenic fungal strains in cereal samples, including <i>A. carbonarius</i>, <i>A. flavus</i>, <i>A. niger</i>, <i>A. ochraceus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus</i>. Aflatoxins (AFs) were detected in all types of tested cereal samples, with a significantly higher level in maize compared to wheat, rice, oats and breakfast cereals. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was only detected in wheat, rice and maize samples. Levels of mycotoxins in cereals were within EU permissible limits. The volatiles of <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i> significantly inhibited the growth of <i>A. parasiticus</i>, <i>A. niger</i> and <i>P. verrucosum</i>. The findings of this study confirm the presence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in cereals within the EU permissible limits and the significant biocontrol ability of <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i> against these toxigenic fungi. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:19:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1a9902f06734ebe93be3a62bc7edea2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:19:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1a9902f06734ebe93be3a62bc7edea22023-11-23T19:17:20ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-06-0114640410.3390/toxins14060404Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological ControlAsma Alkuwari0Zahoor Ul Hassan1Randa Zeidan2Roda Al-Thani3Samir Jaoua4Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, QatarEnvironmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, QatarEnvironmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, QatarEnvironmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, QatarEnvironmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, QatarFungal infections in cereals lead to huge economic losses in the food and agriculture industries. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in marketed cereals and explore the effect of the antagonistic yeast <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i> volatiles against key toxigenic fungal strains. <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. were the most frequent contaminating fungi in the cereals, with an isolation frequency (Fr) of 100% in maize, followed by wheat (88.23%), rice (78.57%) and oats (14.28%). Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the presence of key toxigenic fungal strains in cereal samples, including <i>A. carbonarius</i>, <i>A. flavus</i>, <i>A. niger</i>, <i>A. ochraceus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus</i>. Aflatoxins (AFs) were detected in all types of tested cereal samples, with a significantly higher level in maize compared to wheat, rice, oats and breakfast cereals. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was only detected in wheat, rice and maize samples. Levels of mycotoxins in cereals were within EU permissible limits. The volatiles of <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i> significantly inhibited the growth of <i>A. parasiticus</i>, <i>A. niger</i> and <i>P. verrucosum</i>. The findings of this study confirm the presence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in cereals within the EU permissible limits and the significant biocontrol ability of <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i> against these toxigenic fungi.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/6/404toxigenic fungiochratoxin Aaflatoxinswheatricemaize |
| spellingShingle | Asma Alkuwari Zahoor Ul Hassan Randa Zeidan Roda Al-Thani Samir Jaoua Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control Toxins toxigenic fungi ochratoxin A aflatoxins wheat rice maize |
| title | Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control |
| title_full | Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control |
| title_short | Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control |
| title_sort | occurrence of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi in cereals and application of yeast volatiles for their biological control |
| topic | toxigenic fungi ochratoxin A aflatoxins wheat rice maize |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/6/404 |
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