Detection and Characterization of Gastric Cancer Using Cascade Deep Learning Model in Endoscopic Images
Endoscopy is widely applied in the examination of gastric cancer. However, extensive knowledge and experience are required, owing to the need to examine the lesion while manipulating the endoscope. Various diagnostic support techniques have been reported for this examination. In our previous study,...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/8/1996 |
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| author | Atsushi Teramoto Tomoyuki Shibata Hyuga Yamada Yoshiki Hirooka Kuniaki Saito Hiroshi Fujita |
| author_facet | Atsushi Teramoto Tomoyuki Shibata Hyuga Yamada Yoshiki Hirooka Kuniaki Saito Hiroshi Fujita |
| author_sort | Atsushi Teramoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endoscopy is widely applied in the examination of gastric cancer. However, extensive knowledge and experience are required, owing to the need to examine the lesion while manipulating the endoscope. Various diagnostic support techniques have been reported for this examination. In our previous study, segmentation of invasive areas of gastric cancer was performed directly from endoscopic images and the detection sensitivity per case was 0.98. This method has challenges of false positives and computational costs because segmentation was applied to all healthy images that were captured during the examination. In this study, we propose a cascaded deep learning model to perform categorization of endoscopic images and identification of the invasive region to solve the above challenges. Endoscopic images are first classified as normal, showing early gastric cancer and showing advanced gastric cancer using a convolutional neural network. Segmentation on the extent of gastric cancer invasion is performed for the images classified as showing cancer using two separate U-Net models. In an experiment, 1208 endoscopic images collected from healthy subjects, 533 images collected from patients with early stage gastric cancer, and 637 images from patients with advanced gastric cancer were used for evaluation. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed approach in the detection of gastric cancer via image classification were 97.0% and 99.4%, respectively. Furthermore, both detection sensitivity and specificity reached 100% in a case-based evaluation. The extent of invasion was also identified at an acceptable level, suggesting that the proposed method may be considered useful for the classification of endoscopic images and identification of the extent of cancer invasion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:58:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1abb2a604e04558b2ad3edd3e09c849 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:58:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1abb2a604e04558b2ad3edd3e09c8492023-12-01T23:36:56ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182022-08-01128199610.3390/diagnostics12081996Detection and Characterization of Gastric Cancer Using Cascade Deep Learning Model in Endoscopic ImagesAtsushi Teramoto0Tomoyuki Shibata1Hyuga Yamada2Yoshiki Hirooka3Kuniaki Saito4Hiroshi Fujita5School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, JapanDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, JapanDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, JapanDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, JapanSchool of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, JapanEndoscopy is widely applied in the examination of gastric cancer. However, extensive knowledge and experience are required, owing to the need to examine the lesion while manipulating the endoscope. Various diagnostic support techniques have been reported for this examination. In our previous study, segmentation of invasive areas of gastric cancer was performed directly from endoscopic images and the detection sensitivity per case was 0.98. This method has challenges of false positives and computational costs because segmentation was applied to all healthy images that were captured during the examination. In this study, we propose a cascaded deep learning model to perform categorization of endoscopic images and identification of the invasive region to solve the above challenges. Endoscopic images are first classified as normal, showing early gastric cancer and showing advanced gastric cancer using a convolutional neural network. Segmentation on the extent of gastric cancer invasion is performed for the images classified as showing cancer using two separate U-Net models. In an experiment, 1208 endoscopic images collected from healthy subjects, 533 images collected from patients with early stage gastric cancer, and 637 images from patients with advanced gastric cancer were used for evaluation. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed approach in the detection of gastric cancer via image classification were 97.0% and 99.4%, respectively. Furthermore, both detection sensitivity and specificity reached 100% in a case-based evaluation. The extent of invasion was also identified at an acceptable level, suggesting that the proposed method may be considered useful for the classification of endoscopic images and identification of the extent of cancer invasion.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/8/1996gastric cancerdeep learningconvolutional neural networksegmentationclassification |
| spellingShingle | Atsushi Teramoto Tomoyuki Shibata Hyuga Yamada Yoshiki Hirooka Kuniaki Saito Hiroshi Fujita Detection and Characterization of Gastric Cancer Using Cascade Deep Learning Model in Endoscopic Images Diagnostics gastric cancer deep learning convolutional neural network segmentation classification |
| title | Detection and Characterization of Gastric Cancer Using Cascade Deep Learning Model in Endoscopic Images |
| title_full | Detection and Characterization of Gastric Cancer Using Cascade Deep Learning Model in Endoscopic Images |
| title_fullStr | Detection and Characterization of Gastric Cancer Using Cascade Deep Learning Model in Endoscopic Images |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection and Characterization of Gastric Cancer Using Cascade Deep Learning Model in Endoscopic Images |
| title_short | Detection and Characterization of Gastric Cancer Using Cascade Deep Learning Model in Endoscopic Images |
| title_sort | detection and characterization of gastric cancer using cascade deep learning model in endoscopic images |
| topic | gastric cancer deep learning convolutional neural network segmentation classification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/8/1996 |
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