Bodybuilding, dietary supplements and hormones use: behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuilders
Abstract Background Among athletes, bodybuilders are more predisposed to the use of dietary supplements (DS) and hormones (H) to increase in adaptations to physical training and performance. The purpose of the study was to identify social, psychological, and organisational factors that are associate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00378-x |
| _version_ | 1819036626801655808 |
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| author | Paolo Montuori Ilaria Loperto Carmine Paolo Davide Castrianni Raffaele Nubi Elvira De Rosa Raffaele Palladino Maria Triassi |
| author_facet | Paolo Montuori Ilaria Loperto Carmine Paolo Davide Castrianni Raffaele Nubi Elvira De Rosa Raffaele Palladino Maria Triassi |
| author_sort | Paolo Montuori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Among athletes, bodybuilders are more predisposed to the use of dietary supplements (DS) and hormones (H) to increase in adaptations to physical training and performance. The purpose of the study was to identify social, psychological, and organisational factors that are associated with the use of food supplements and hormones in young bodybuilders of the metropolitan area of Naples. Methods 107 athletes, practicing bodybuilding, were consecutively recruited in 30 gyms, randomly selected in the metropolitan area of Naples. Athletes were administered an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 5 sections (socio-demographic, frequency and reasons for bodybuilding, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours). Descriptive statistics were performed using T-test and Chi-square statistics. A score was created for knowledge, attitudes, behaviours. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess association between each score and the use of DS and H. Statistical analyses were carried out using STATA 15. Results 81.31% of the subjects reported to use DS while 35.51% H. Females are less likely to practise bodybuilding frequently than males (OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.05–0.69), p = 0.01). Subjects who have attended high school or university have a lower probability of taking DS (OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.04–0.65), p = 0.01). H users also use supplements more frequently (OR 61.21 (95% CI 3.99–939.31), p < 0.001). Those who scored higher on knowledge scores are more likely to take DS (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.11–2.12), p < 0.001). Attitudes are correlated with the use of DS; those who scored higher were less likely to use DS (OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.30–0.98), p = 0.03). People who use DS are 30 times more likely to use H at the same time (OR 30.25 (95% CI 2.51–365.24), p < 0.001). Subjects who have a higher score for knowledge and attitudes are less likely to use H (OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.54–0.87), p < 0.001, OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.62–0.90), p < 0.001). Conclusions Prevalence of H and DS’ use, although lower than reported in the literature, is a worrying public health problem. Better knowledge can lead to an informed use. Gym instructors should be trained to provide accurate and scientifically sound information. Health professionals should combine their expertise to provide more comprehensive guidance to the exercisers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:08:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1abd6d5ce4c41179e003b26c8fe58d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2052-1847 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:08:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1abd6d5ce4c41179e003b26c8fe58d32022-12-21T19:10:44ZengBMCBMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation2052-18472021-11-0113111110.1186/s13102-021-00378-xBodybuilding, dietary supplements and hormones use: behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuildersPaolo Montuori0Ilaria Loperto1Carmine Paolo2Davide Castrianni3Raffaele Nubi4Elvira De Rosa5Raffaele Palladino6Maria Triassi7Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”Abstract Background Among athletes, bodybuilders are more predisposed to the use of dietary supplements (DS) and hormones (H) to increase in adaptations to physical training and performance. The purpose of the study was to identify social, psychological, and organisational factors that are associated with the use of food supplements and hormones in young bodybuilders of the metropolitan area of Naples. Methods 107 athletes, practicing bodybuilding, were consecutively recruited in 30 gyms, randomly selected in the metropolitan area of Naples. Athletes were administered an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 5 sections (socio-demographic, frequency and reasons for bodybuilding, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours). Descriptive statistics were performed using T-test and Chi-square statistics. A score was created for knowledge, attitudes, behaviours. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess association between each score and the use of DS and H. Statistical analyses were carried out using STATA 15. Results 81.31% of the subjects reported to use DS while 35.51% H. Females are less likely to practise bodybuilding frequently than males (OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.05–0.69), p = 0.01). Subjects who have attended high school or university have a lower probability of taking DS (OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.04–0.65), p = 0.01). H users also use supplements more frequently (OR 61.21 (95% CI 3.99–939.31), p < 0.001). Those who scored higher on knowledge scores are more likely to take DS (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.11–2.12), p < 0.001). Attitudes are correlated with the use of DS; those who scored higher were less likely to use DS (OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.30–0.98), p = 0.03). People who use DS are 30 times more likely to use H at the same time (OR 30.25 (95% CI 2.51–365.24), p < 0.001). Subjects who have a higher score for knowledge and attitudes are less likely to use H (OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.54–0.87), p < 0.001, OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.62–0.90), p < 0.001). Conclusions Prevalence of H and DS’ use, although lower than reported in the literature, is a worrying public health problem. Better knowledge can lead to an informed use. Gym instructors should be trained to provide accurate and scientifically sound information. Health professionals should combine their expertise to provide more comprehensive guidance to the exercisers.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00378-xDietary supplementsBodybuildingAthletesDietGyms |
| spellingShingle | Paolo Montuori Ilaria Loperto Carmine Paolo Davide Castrianni Raffaele Nubi Elvira De Rosa Raffaele Palladino Maria Triassi Bodybuilding, dietary supplements and hormones use: behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuilders BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation Dietary supplements Bodybuilding Athletes Diet Gyms |
| title | Bodybuilding, dietary supplements and hormones use: behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuilders |
| title_full | Bodybuilding, dietary supplements and hormones use: behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuilders |
| title_fullStr | Bodybuilding, dietary supplements and hormones use: behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuilders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bodybuilding, dietary supplements and hormones use: behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuilders |
| title_short | Bodybuilding, dietary supplements and hormones use: behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuilders |
| title_sort | bodybuilding dietary supplements and hormones use behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuilders |
| topic | Dietary supplements Bodybuilding Athletes Diet Gyms |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00378-x |
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