Complete Prevention of Bubbles in a PDMS-Based Digital PCR Chip with a Multifunction Cavity
In a chamber-based digital PCR (dPCR) chip fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), bubble generation in the chambers at high temperatures is a critical issue. Here, we found that the main reason for bubble formation in PDMS chips is the too-high saturated vapor pressure of water at an elevated...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/3/114 |
| _version_ | 1797241899212341248 |
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| author | Shiyuan Gao Tiegang Xu Lei Wu Xiaoyue Zhu Xuefeng Wang Ying Chen Gang Li Xinxin Li |
| author_facet | Shiyuan Gao Tiegang Xu Lei Wu Xiaoyue Zhu Xuefeng Wang Ying Chen Gang Li Xinxin Li |
| author_sort | Shiyuan Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In a chamber-based digital PCR (dPCR) chip fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), bubble generation in the chambers at high temperatures is a critical issue. Here, we found that the main reason for bubble formation in PDMS chips is the too-high saturated vapor pressure of water at an elevated temperature. The bubbles should be completely prevented by reducing the initial pressure of the system to under 13.6 kPa to eliminate the effects of increased-pressure water vapor. Then, a cavity was designed and fabricated above the PCR reaction layer, and Parylene C was used as a shell covering the chip. The cavity was used for the negative generator in sample loading, PDMS degassing, PCR solution degassing in the digitization process and water storage in the thermal reaction process. The analysis was confirmed and finally achieved a desirable bubble-free, fast-digitization, valve-free and no-tubing connection dPCR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:30:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1b0acc871cf486382ff6a3bb6b8cfa6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:30:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1b0acc871cf486382ff6a3bb6b8cfa62024-03-27T13:28:09ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742024-02-0114311410.3390/bios14030114Complete Prevention of Bubbles in a PDMS-Based Digital PCR Chip with a Multifunction CavityShiyuan Gao0Tiegang Xu1Lei Wu2Xiaoyue Zhu3Xuefeng Wang4Ying Chen5Gang Li6Xinxin Li7State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, ChinaMetabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, ChinaIn a chamber-based digital PCR (dPCR) chip fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), bubble generation in the chambers at high temperatures is a critical issue. Here, we found that the main reason for bubble formation in PDMS chips is the too-high saturated vapor pressure of water at an elevated temperature. The bubbles should be completely prevented by reducing the initial pressure of the system to under 13.6 kPa to eliminate the effects of increased-pressure water vapor. Then, a cavity was designed and fabricated above the PCR reaction layer, and Parylene C was used as a shell covering the chip. The cavity was used for the negative generator in sample loading, PDMS degassing, PCR solution degassing in the digitization process and water storage in the thermal reaction process. The analysis was confirmed and finally achieved a desirable bubble-free, fast-digitization, valve-free and no-tubing connection dPCR.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/3/114digital PCR chippolydimethylsiloxanemultifunction cavitywater lossbubble generationparylene C shell |
| spellingShingle | Shiyuan Gao Tiegang Xu Lei Wu Xiaoyue Zhu Xuefeng Wang Ying Chen Gang Li Xinxin Li Complete Prevention of Bubbles in a PDMS-Based Digital PCR Chip with a Multifunction Cavity Biosensors digital PCR chip polydimethylsiloxane multifunction cavity water loss bubble generation parylene C shell |
| title | Complete Prevention of Bubbles in a PDMS-Based Digital PCR Chip with a Multifunction Cavity |
| title_full | Complete Prevention of Bubbles in a PDMS-Based Digital PCR Chip with a Multifunction Cavity |
| title_fullStr | Complete Prevention of Bubbles in a PDMS-Based Digital PCR Chip with a Multifunction Cavity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Complete Prevention of Bubbles in a PDMS-Based Digital PCR Chip with a Multifunction Cavity |
| title_short | Complete Prevention of Bubbles in a PDMS-Based Digital PCR Chip with a Multifunction Cavity |
| title_sort | complete prevention of bubbles in a pdms based digital pcr chip with a multifunction cavity |
| topic | digital PCR chip polydimethylsiloxane multifunction cavity water loss bubble generation parylene C shell |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/3/114 |
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