| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Intestinal obstruction is a poorly recognized and probably underreported complication of strongyloidiasis. We present herein an unusual case, of complete duodenal obstruction caused by <it>S. stercoralis</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic review of the literature examining the clinical course, diagnostic methods, and outcome of this rare complication of strongyloidiasis was performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A 42-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of abdominal pain, vomit, and weight loss. An abdominal CT scan showed an obstruction of the third part of the duodenum. Segmental intestinal resection was carried out and histopathology examination revealed heavy <it>Strongyloides stercoralis </it>infestation. Duodenal obstruction is a rare complication of <it>S. stercoralis </it>infection, with only 8 cases described in the literature since 1970. Most of the patients are males, middle-aged, and the diagnosis was made by duodenal aspirate/biopsy, or analysis of surgical specimen.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Duodenal obstruction is an unusual, but potential fatal, complication of <it>S. stercoralis </it>infection. The large spectrum of clinical manifestation and lack of classic clinical syndrome make the final diagnosis of strongyloidiasis extremely difficult. A high index of suspicion, mainly in patients from endemic areas, is needed for correct and early diagnosis of this uncommon presentation of <it>Strogyloides stercoralis </it>enteritis.</p>
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