Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Biomass Conversion and Expansion Factors of Natural White Birch Forest (<i>Betula platyphylla</i> Suk.) in Northeast China
Biomass conversion and expansion factors (<i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i>) are widely utilized in national and regional biomass estimates and greenhouse gas reporting, as they can be used to directly transform the stocking volume into biomass. In this study, the power function was us...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/2/362 |
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| author | Yanrong Wang Zheng Miao Yuanshuo Hao Lihu Dong Fengri Li |
| author_facet | Yanrong Wang Zheng Miao Yuanshuo Hao Lihu Dong Fengri Li |
| author_sort | Yanrong Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biomass conversion and expansion factors (<i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i>) are widely utilized in national and regional biomass estimates and greenhouse gas reporting, as they can be used to directly transform the stocking volume into biomass. In this study, the power function was used as the basic model form with biotic variables, and abiotic variables were considered to improve the fitting results. Then, the random effects parameters were also introduced into the models to describe the variation of <i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i> among different forest management units. Random sampling strategies were applied to calibrate the random effects. The results showed that the stocking volume exhibited a negative proportional relationship in the stem <i>BCEF</i> (<i>BCEF<sub>st</sub></i>), the root <i>BCEF</i> (<i>BCEF<sub>ro</sub></i>) and the total tree <i>BCEF</i> (<i>BCEF<sub>to</sub></i>) models, and the quadratic mean diameter exhibited a positive proportional relationship in the branch <i>BCEF</i> (<i>BCEF<sub>br</sub></i>) and the foliage <i>BCEF</i> (<i>BCEF<sub>fol</sub></i>) models. In addition, the fitting effect of generalized models with abiotic predictors was superior to that of the basic models. Considering the effects of abiotic variables on the <i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i> of each component, the results showed that <i>BCEF<sub>st</sub></i> and <i>BCEF<sub>to</sub></i> decreased as the mean annual precipitation increased; <i>BCEF<sub>br</sub></i> increased as the annual temperature increased; <i>BCEF<sub>fol</sub></i> gradually decreased as the elevation increased; and <i>BCEF<sub>ro</sub></i> first increased with increasing mean annual temperature and then declined. In conclusion, abiotic factors explained the variation in <i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i> for the biomass components of the natural white birch forest. Although the fitting effect of generalized models with abiotic predictors was superior to that of the basic models, the mixed-effects model was preferable for modeling the <i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i> of each component. In addition, the prediction precision of the mixed-effects models enhanced gradually with increasing sample size, and the selection of eight plots for calibration and prediction based on the mixed-effects model was the best sampling strategy in this study of a natural white birch forest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:49:20Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e1b9446a6ed04dfd811fe87dc59cf228 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e1b9446a6ed04dfd811fe87dc59cf2282023-11-16T20:34:56ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-02-0114236210.3390/f14020362Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Biomass Conversion and Expansion Factors of Natural White Birch Forest (<i>Betula platyphylla</i> Suk.) in Northeast ChinaYanrong Wang0Zheng Miao1Yuanshuo Hao2Lihu Dong3Fengri Li4Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaBiomass conversion and expansion factors (<i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i>) are widely utilized in national and regional biomass estimates and greenhouse gas reporting, as they can be used to directly transform the stocking volume into biomass. In this study, the power function was used as the basic model form with biotic variables, and abiotic variables were considered to improve the fitting results. Then, the random effects parameters were also introduced into the models to describe the variation of <i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i> among different forest management units. Random sampling strategies were applied to calibrate the random effects. The results showed that the stocking volume exhibited a negative proportional relationship in the stem <i>BCEF</i> (<i>BCEF<sub>st</sub></i>), the root <i>BCEF</i> (<i>BCEF<sub>ro</sub></i>) and the total tree <i>BCEF</i> (<i>BCEF<sub>to</sub></i>) models, and the quadratic mean diameter exhibited a positive proportional relationship in the branch <i>BCEF</i> (<i>BCEF<sub>br</sub></i>) and the foliage <i>BCEF</i> (<i>BCEF<sub>fol</sub></i>) models. In addition, the fitting effect of generalized models with abiotic predictors was superior to that of the basic models. Considering the effects of abiotic variables on the <i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i> of each component, the results showed that <i>BCEF<sub>st</sub></i> and <i>BCEF<sub>to</sub></i> decreased as the mean annual precipitation increased; <i>BCEF<sub>br</sub></i> increased as the annual temperature increased; <i>BCEF<sub>fol</sub></i> gradually decreased as the elevation increased; and <i>BCEF<sub>ro</sub></i> first increased with increasing mean annual temperature and then declined. In conclusion, abiotic factors explained the variation in <i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i> for the biomass components of the natural white birch forest. Although the fitting effect of generalized models with abiotic predictors was superior to that of the basic models, the mixed-effects model was preferable for modeling the <i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i> of each component. In addition, the prediction precision of the mixed-effects models enhanced gradually with increasing sample size, and the selection of eight plots for calibration and prediction based on the mixed-effects model was the best sampling strategy in this study of a natural white birch forest.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/2/362natural white birch forest<i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i>mixed effects modeltopographic conditionsclimate variables |
| spellingShingle | Yanrong Wang Zheng Miao Yuanshuo Hao Lihu Dong Fengri Li Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Biomass Conversion and Expansion Factors of Natural White Birch Forest (<i>Betula platyphylla</i> Suk.) in Northeast China Forests natural white birch forest <i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i> mixed effects model topographic conditions climate variables |
| title | Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Biomass Conversion and Expansion Factors of Natural White Birch Forest (<i>Betula platyphylla</i> Suk.) in Northeast China |
| title_full | Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Biomass Conversion and Expansion Factors of Natural White Birch Forest (<i>Betula platyphylla</i> Suk.) in Northeast China |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Biomass Conversion and Expansion Factors of Natural White Birch Forest (<i>Betula platyphylla</i> Suk.) in Northeast China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Biomass Conversion and Expansion Factors of Natural White Birch Forest (<i>Betula platyphylla</i> Suk.) in Northeast China |
| title_short | Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Biomass Conversion and Expansion Factors of Natural White Birch Forest (<i>Betula platyphylla</i> Suk.) in Northeast China |
| title_sort | effects of biotic and abiotic factors on biomass conversion and expansion factors of natural white birch forest i betula platyphylla i suk in northeast china |
| topic | natural white birch forest <i>BCEF<sub>s</sub></i> mixed effects model topographic conditions climate variables |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/2/362 |
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