Epidemiologic patterns of biliary tract cancer in the United States: 2001–2015
Abstract Background Biliary tract cancer (BTC) includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC). Although BTC is rare in the US, incidence is increasing and elevated in certain populations. This study examined BTC...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Cancer |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-10286-z |
| _version_ | 1828298422120087552 |
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| author | Jill Koshiol Binbing Yu Shaum M. Kabadi Katherine Baria Rachna T. Shroff |
| author_facet | Jill Koshiol Binbing Yu Shaum M. Kabadi Katherine Baria Rachna T. Shroff |
| author_sort | Jill Koshiol |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Biliary tract cancer (BTC) includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC). Although BTC is rare in the US, incidence is increasing and elevated in certain populations. This study examined BTC epidemiology in the US by age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and anatomic site. Methods BTC incidence, prevalence, mortality, and survival from 2001 to 2015 were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries databases. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated and reported as age-standardized rates. Data were assessed by age, anatomic sites, geographic region, and race/ethnicity, and a joinpoint regression model was used to predict trends for age-adjusted BTC incidence and mortality rates. Results BTC incidence increased during the study period (annual percent change = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [1.59–1.92]), with the highest increase in ICC (6.65 [6.11–7.19]). Incidence of unspecified BTC initially increased but has recently begun to drop. Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Black, or American Indian/Alaska Native race/ethnicity was associated with higher BTC mortality rates than White race/ethnicity. Patients with ICC had the highest mortality rate (age-standardized rate = 1.87/100,000 person-years [1.85–1.88]). Five-year survival was 15.2% for all BTC, ranging from 8.5% (ICC) to 34.5% (AVC), and patients with distant disease at diagnosis had lower survival (3%) compared with those with regional (19.1%) or locally advanced disease (31.5%). Conclusions BTC incidence increased, survival was low across all subtypes, and mortality was greatest in patients with ICC. This underscores the serious, increasing unmet need among patients with BTC. Treatment options are limited, although clinical studies investigating immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and alternative chemotherapy combinations are ongoing. Epidemiological insights may improve patient care and inform the integration of novel therapies for BTC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:40:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1bd953cc4b3429fa9885ccc59e9867e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2407 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:40:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Cancer |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1bd953cc4b3429fa9885ccc59e9867e2022-12-22T02:46:32ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072022-11-0122111210.1186/s12885-022-10286-zEpidemiologic patterns of biliary tract cancer in the United States: 2001–2015Jill Koshiol0Binbing Yu1Shaum M. Kabadi2Katherine Baria3Rachna T. Shroff4Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteOncology Biometrics, AstraZeneca PharmaceuticalsMedical Affairs Epidemiology and Real-World Evidence, AstraZeneca PharmaceuticalsGlobal Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca PharmaceuticalsDivision of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arizona Cancer CenterAbstract Background Biliary tract cancer (BTC) includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC). Although BTC is rare in the US, incidence is increasing and elevated in certain populations. This study examined BTC epidemiology in the US by age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and anatomic site. Methods BTC incidence, prevalence, mortality, and survival from 2001 to 2015 were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries databases. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated and reported as age-standardized rates. Data were assessed by age, anatomic sites, geographic region, and race/ethnicity, and a joinpoint regression model was used to predict trends for age-adjusted BTC incidence and mortality rates. Results BTC incidence increased during the study period (annual percent change = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [1.59–1.92]), with the highest increase in ICC (6.65 [6.11–7.19]). Incidence of unspecified BTC initially increased but has recently begun to drop. Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Black, or American Indian/Alaska Native race/ethnicity was associated with higher BTC mortality rates than White race/ethnicity. Patients with ICC had the highest mortality rate (age-standardized rate = 1.87/100,000 person-years [1.85–1.88]). Five-year survival was 15.2% for all BTC, ranging from 8.5% (ICC) to 34.5% (AVC), and patients with distant disease at diagnosis had lower survival (3%) compared with those with regional (19.1%) or locally advanced disease (31.5%). Conclusions BTC incidence increased, survival was low across all subtypes, and mortality was greatest in patients with ICC. This underscores the serious, increasing unmet need among patients with BTC. Treatment options are limited, although clinical studies investigating immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and alternative chemotherapy combinations are ongoing. Epidemiological insights may improve patient care and inform the integration of novel therapies for BTC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-10286-zBiliary tract cancerIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinomaExtrahepatic cholangiocarcinomaGallbladder cancerAmpulla of Vater cancer |
| spellingShingle | Jill Koshiol Binbing Yu Shaum M. Kabadi Katherine Baria Rachna T. Shroff Epidemiologic patterns of biliary tract cancer in the United States: 2001–2015 BMC Cancer Biliary tract cancer Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Gallbladder cancer Ampulla of Vater cancer |
| title | Epidemiologic patterns of biliary tract cancer in the United States: 2001–2015 |
| title_full | Epidemiologic patterns of biliary tract cancer in the United States: 2001–2015 |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiologic patterns of biliary tract cancer in the United States: 2001–2015 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiologic patterns of biliary tract cancer in the United States: 2001–2015 |
| title_short | Epidemiologic patterns of biliary tract cancer in the United States: 2001–2015 |
| title_sort | epidemiologic patterns of biliary tract cancer in the united states 2001 2015 |
| topic | Biliary tract cancer Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Gallbladder cancer Ampulla of Vater cancer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-10286-z |
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