A Power-Efficient Sensing Approach for Pulse Wave Palpation-Based Heart Rate Measurement
Heart rate (HR) is an essential indicator of health in the human body. It measures the number of times per minute that the heart contracts or beats. An irregular heartbeat can signify a severe health condition, so monitoring heart rate periodically can help prevent heart complications. This paper pr...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7549 |
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| author | Gabriel Bravo Jesús M. Silva Salvador A. Noriega Erwin A. Martínez Francisco J. Enríquez Ernesto Sifuentes |
| author_facet | Gabriel Bravo Jesús M. Silva Salvador A. Noriega Erwin A. Martínez Francisco J. Enríquez Ernesto Sifuentes |
| author_sort | Gabriel Bravo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heart rate (HR) is an essential indicator of health in the human body. It measures the number of times per minute that the heart contracts or beats. An irregular heartbeat can signify a severe health condition, so monitoring heart rate periodically can help prevent heart complications. This paper presents a novel wearable sensing approach for remote HR measurement by a compact resistance-to-microcontroller interface circuit. A heartbeat’s signal can be detected by a Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) attached to the body near large arteries (such as the carotid or radial), which expand their area each time the heart expels blood to the body. Depending on how the sensor interfaces with the subject, the FSR changes its electrical resistance every time a pulse is detected. By placing the FSR in a direct interface circuit, those resistance variations can be measured directly by a microcontroller without using either analog processing stages or an analog-to-digital converter. In this kind of interface, the self-heating of the sensor is avoided, since the FSR does not require any voltage or bias current. The proposed system has a sampling rate of 50 Sa/s, and an effective resolution of 10 bits (200 mΩ), enough for obtaining well-shaped cardiac signals and heart rate estimations in real time by the microcontroller. With this approach, the implementation of wearable systems in health monitoring applications is more feasible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:05:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1beee7543ec41489d882318f01dd673 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:05:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1beee7543ec41489d882318f01dd6732023-11-23T01:25:24ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-11-012122754910.3390/s21227549A Power-Efficient Sensing Approach for Pulse Wave Palpation-Based Heart Rate MeasurementGabriel Bravo0Jesús M. Silva1Salvador A. Noriega2Erwin A. Martínez3Francisco J. Enríquez4Ernesto Sifuentes5Institute of Engineering and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Ciudad Juárez 32310, MexicoInstitute of Engineering and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Ciudad Juárez 32310, MexicoInstitute of Engineering and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Ciudad Juárez 32310, MexicoInstitute of Engineering and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Ciudad Juárez 32310, MexicoInstitute of Engineering and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Ciudad Juárez 32310, MexicoInstitute of Engineering and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Ciudad Juárez 32310, MexicoHeart rate (HR) is an essential indicator of health in the human body. It measures the number of times per minute that the heart contracts or beats. An irregular heartbeat can signify a severe health condition, so monitoring heart rate periodically can help prevent heart complications. This paper presents a novel wearable sensing approach for remote HR measurement by a compact resistance-to-microcontroller interface circuit. A heartbeat’s signal can be detected by a Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) attached to the body near large arteries (such as the carotid or radial), which expand their area each time the heart expels blood to the body. Depending on how the sensor interfaces with the subject, the FSR changes its electrical resistance every time a pulse is detected. By placing the FSR in a direct interface circuit, those resistance variations can be measured directly by a microcontroller without using either analog processing stages or an analog-to-digital converter. In this kind of interface, the self-heating of the sensor is avoided, since the FSR does not require any voltage or bias current. The proposed system has a sampling rate of 50 Sa/s, and an effective resolution of 10 bits (200 mΩ), enough for obtaining well-shaped cardiac signals and heart rate estimations in real time by the microcontroller. With this approach, the implementation of wearable systems in health monitoring applications is more feasible.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7549wearable health monitoringresistance-to-time interface circuitforce-sensing resistordirect microcontroller interface circuitheart rate measurement |
| spellingShingle | Gabriel Bravo Jesús M. Silva Salvador A. Noriega Erwin A. Martínez Francisco J. Enríquez Ernesto Sifuentes A Power-Efficient Sensing Approach for Pulse Wave Palpation-Based Heart Rate Measurement Sensors wearable health monitoring resistance-to-time interface circuit force-sensing resistor direct microcontroller interface circuit heart rate measurement |
| title | A Power-Efficient Sensing Approach for Pulse Wave Palpation-Based Heart Rate Measurement |
| title_full | A Power-Efficient Sensing Approach for Pulse Wave Palpation-Based Heart Rate Measurement |
| title_fullStr | A Power-Efficient Sensing Approach for Pulse Wave Palpation-Based Heart Rate Measurement |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Power-Efficient Sensing Approach for Pulse Wave Palpation-Based Heart Rate Measurement |
| title_short | A Power-Efficient Sensing Approach for Pulse Wave Palpation-Based Heart Rate Measurement |
| title_sort | power efficient sensing approach for pulse wave palpation based heart rate measurement |
| topic | wearable health monitoring resistance-to-time interface circuit force-sensing resistor direct microcontroller interface circuit heart rate measurement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7549 |
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