Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds—The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical Behaviors
Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. Despite modern therapy, challenges remain to rescue the damaged organ that contains cells with a very low proliferation rate after birth. Developments in tissue engineering and regeneration offer new tools to investigate the pathol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/5/269 |
| _version_ | 1797599627850022912 |
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| author | Somayeh Baghersad Abinaya Sathish Kumar Matt J. Kipper Ketul Popat Zhijie Wang |
| author_facet | Somayeh Baghersad Abinaya Sathish Kumar Matt J. Kipper Ketul Popat Zhijie Wang |
| author_sort | Somayeh Baghersad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. Despite modern therapy, challenges remain to rescue the damaged organ that contains cells with a very low proliferation rate after birth. Developments in tissue engineering and regeneration offer new tools to investigate the pathology of cardiac diseases and develop therapeutic strategies for heart failure patients. Tissue -engineered cardiac scaffolds should be designed to provide structural, biochemical, mechanical, and/or electrical properties similar to native myocardium tissues. This review primarily focuses on the mechanical behaviors of cardiac scaffolds and their significance in cardiac research. Specifically, we summarize the recent development of synthetic (including hydrogel) scaffolds that have achieved various types of mechanical behavior—nonlinear elasticity, anisotropy, and viscoelasticity—all of which are characteristic of the myocardium and heart valves. For each type of mechanical behavior, we review the current fabrication methods to enable the biomimetic mechanical behavior, the advantages and limitations of the existing scaffolds, and how the mechanical environment affects biological responses and/or treatment outcomes for cardiac diseases. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges in this field and suggestions for future directions to improve our understanding of mechanical control over cardiac function and inspire better regenerative therapies for myocardial restoration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:36:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1c0af22371d48a6a11075b3753e52f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:36:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1c0af22371d48a6a11075b3753e52f52023-11-18T01:57:00ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832023-05-0114526910.3390/jfb14050269Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds—The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical BehaviorsSomayeh Baghersad0Abinaya Sathish Kumar1Matt J. Kipper2Ketul Popat3Zhijie Wang4School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USASchool of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USASchool of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USASchool of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USASchool of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAHeart failure is the leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. Despite modern therapy, challenges remain to rescue the damaged organ that contains cells with a very low proliferation rate after birth. Developments in tissue engineering and regeneration offer new tools to investigate the pathology of cardiac diseases and develop therapeutic strategies for heart failure patients. Tissue -engineered cardiac scaffolds should be designed to provide structural, biochemical, mechanical, and/or electrical properties similar to native myocardium tissues. This review primarily focuses on the mechanical behaviors of cardiac scaffolds and their significance in cardiac research. Specifically, we summarize the recent development of synthetic (including hydrogel) scaffolds that have achieved various types of mechanical behavior—nonlinear elasticity, anisotropy, and viscoelasticity—all of which are characteristic of the myocardium and heart valves. For each type of mechanical behavior, we review the current fabrication methods to enable the biomimetic mechanical behavior, the advantages and limitations of the existing scaffolds, and how the mechanical environment affects biological responses and/or treatment outcomes for cardiac diseases. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges in this field and suggestions for future directions to improve our understanding of mechanical control over cardiac function and inspire better regenerative therapies for myocardial restoration.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/5/269nanofibrous scaffoldcomposite hydrogelanisotropyviscoelasticitynonlinear elasticitymyocardial regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Somayeh Baghersad Abinaya Sathish Kumar Matt J. Kipper Ketul Popat Zhijie Wang Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds—The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical Behaviors Journal of Functional Biomaterials nanofibrous scaffold composite hydrogel anisotropy viscoelasticity nonlinear elasticity myocardial regeneration |
| title | Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds—The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical Behaviors |
| title_full | Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds—The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical Behaviors |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds—The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical Behaviors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds—The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical Behaviors |
| title_short | Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds—The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical Behaviors |
| title_sort | recent advances in tissue engineered cardiac scaffolds the progress and gap in mimicking native myocardium mechanical behaviors |
| topic | nanofibrous scaffold composite hydrogel anisotropy viscoelasticity nonlinear elasticity myocardial regeneration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/5/269 |
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