Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
Long coronavirus disease (COVID), also known as postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has been defined as signs and symptoms which persist for 4 weeks or even lasting for 6 months after the initial infection. Although the prevalence of long COVID in childre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Korean Pediatric Society
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.e-cep.org/upload/pdf/cep-2023-00472.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827769697555185664 |
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| author | Eun Kyo Ha Ju Hee Kim Man Yong Han |
| author_facet | Eun Kyo Ha Ju Hee Kim Man Yong Han |
| author_sort | Eun Kyo Ha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Long coronavirus disease (COVID), also known as postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has been defined as signs and symptoms which persist for 4 weeks or even lasting for 6 months after the initial infection. Although the prevalence of long COVID in children is currently unknown, epidemiological investigations have reported cases in pediatric populations. Clinical manifestations of long COVID in children include respiratory symptoms, such as cough and dyspnea, as well as neuropsychiatric and general conditions, including fatigue, headache, and muscle weakness. The pathophysiology of long COVID in children is still being investigated, but potential mechanisms include viral persistence, autoimmunity, and neuroinflammation. Risk factors for long COVID in children are not yet well understood, but studies have suggested that children with a history of severe acute COVID-19 infection or comorbidities may be at increased risk. Evaluation for respiratory symptoms of long COVID in children is essential, including spirometry and imaging studies to assess lung function and any potential damage. Furthermore, long COVID in children has been associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems than in adults, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and addressing these aspects in pediatric patients. Although our understanding of long COVID in children and adolescents is still evolving, it is clear that the condition can have significant impacts on their health and well-being. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current knowledge on the prevalence, risk factors, and pathophysiology of long COVID in children and adolescents, and to discuss potential management strategies based on existing evidence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:29:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1c4a9158c384a459eb2cf0544bfbb07 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2713-4148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:29:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | The Korean Pediatric Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1c4a9158c384a459eb2cf0544bfbb072023-11-06T04:38:05ZengThe Korean Pediatric SocietyClinical and Experimental Pediatrics2713-41482023-11-01661146547410.3345/cep.2023.0047220125555641Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategiesEun Kyo Ha0Ju Hee Kim1Man Yong Han2 Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, KoreaLong coronavirus disease (COVID), also known as postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has been defined as signs and symptoms which persist for 4 weeks or even lasting for 6 months after the initial infection. Although the prevalence of long COVID in children is currently unknown, epidemiological investigations have reported cases in pediatric populations. Clinical manifestations of long COVID in children include respiratory symptoms, such as cough and dyspnea, as well as neuropsychiatric and general conditions, including fatigue, headache, and muscle weakness. The pathophysiology of long COVID in children is still being investigated, but potential mechanisms include viral persistence, autoimmunity, and neuroinflammation. Risk factors for long COVID in children are not yet well understood, but studies have suggested that children with a history of severe acute COVID-19 infection or comorbidities may be at increased risk. Evaluation for respiratory symptoms of long COVID in children is essential, including spirometry and imaging studies to assess lung function and any potential damage. Furthermore, long COVID in children has been associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems than in adults, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and addressing these aspects in pediatric patients. Although our understanding of long COVID in children and adolescents is still evolving, it is clear that the condition can have significant impacts on their health and well-being. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current knowledge on the prevalence, risk factors, and pathophysiology of long COVID in children and adolescents, and to discuss potential management strategies based on existing evidence.http://www.e-cep.org/upload/pdf/cep-2023-00472.pdfcovid-19long covidpost covid syndrome |
| spellingShingle | Eun Kyo Ha Ju Hee Kim Man Yong Han Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics covid-19 long covid post covid syndrome |
| title | Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies |
| title_full | Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies |
| title_fullStr | Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies |
| title_short | Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies |
| title_sort | long covid in children and adolescents prevalence clinical manifestations and management strategies |
| topic | covid-19 long covid post covid syndrome |
| url | http://www.e-cep.org/upload/pdf/cep-2023-00472.pdf |
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