Chikungunya Outbreak in the Republic of the Congo, 2019—Epidemiological, Virological and Entomological Findings of a South-North Multidisciplinary Taskforce Investigation
The Republic of Congo (RoC) declared a chikungunya (CHIK) outbreak on 9 February 2019. We conducted a ONE-Human-Animal HEALTH epidemiological, virological and entomological investigation. Methods: We collected national surveillance and epidemiological data. CHIK diagnosis was based on RT-PCR and CHI...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/9/1020 |
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| author | Francesco Vairo Martin Parfait Aimè Coussoud-Mavoungou Francine Ntoumi Concetta Castilletti Lambert Kitembo Najmul Haider Fabrizio Carletti Francesca Colavita Cesare E. M. Gruber Marco Iannetta Francesco Messina Simone Lanini Biez Ulrich Judicaël Emanuela Giombini Chiara Montaldo Chantal Portella Steve Diafouka-Diatela Martina Rueca Richard Kock Barbara Bartolini Leonard Mboera Vincent Munster Robert Fischer Stephanie Seifert César Muñoz-Fontela Beatriz Escudero-Pérez Sergio Gomez-Medina Emily V. Nelson Patrick Kjia Tungu Emanuele Nicastri Vincenzo Puro Antonino Di Caro Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Jacqueline Lydia Mikolo Alimuddin Zumla Giuseppe Ippolito on behalf of the Pandora-ID-NET Consortium Chikungunya Outbreak Group Taskforce |
| author_facet | Francesco Vairo Martin Parfait Aimè Coussoud-Mavoungou Francine Ntoumi Concetta Castilletti Lambert Kitembo Najmul Haider Fabrizio Carletti Francesca Colavita Cesare E. M. Gruber Marco Iannetta Francesco Messina Simone Lanini Biez Ulrich Judicaël Emanuela Giombini Chiara Montaldo Chantal Portella Steve Diafouka-Diatela Martina Rueca Richard Kock Barbara Bartolini Leonard Mboera Vincent Munster Robert Fischer Stephanie Seifert César Muñoz-Fontela Beatriz Escudero-Pérez Sergio Gomez-Medina Emily V. Nelson Patrick Kjia Tungu Emanuele Nicastri Vincenzo Puro Antonino Di Caro Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Jacqueline Lydia Mikolo Alimuddin Zumla Giuseppe Ippolito on behalf of the Pandora-ID-NET Consortium Chikungunya Outbreak Group Taskforce |
| author_sort | Francesco Vairo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Republic of Congo (RoC) declared a chikungunya (CHIK) outbreak on 9 February 2019. We conducted a ONE-Human-Animal HEALTH epidemiological, virological and entomological investigation. Methods: We collected national surveillance and epidemiological data. CHIK diagnosis was based on RT-PCR and CHIKV-specific antibodies. Full CHIKV genome sequences were obtained by Sanger and MinION approaches and Bayesian tree phylogenetic analysis was performed. Mosquito larvae and 215 adult mosquitoes were collected in different villages of Kouilou and Pointe-Noire districts and estimates of <i>Aedes (Ae.)</i> mosquitos’ CHIKV-infectious bites obtained. We found two new CHIKV sequences of the East/Central/South African (ECSA) lineage, clustering with the recent enzootic sub-clade 2, showing the A226V mutation. The RoC 2019 CHIKV strain has two novel mutations, E2-T126M and E2-H351N. Phylogenetic suggests a common origin from 2016 Angola strain, from which it diverged around 1989 (95% HPD 1985–1994). The infectious bite pattern was similar for 2017, 2018 and early 2019. One <i>Ae. albopictus</i> pool was RT-PCR positive. The 2019 RoC CHIKV strain seems to be recently introduced or be endemic in sylvatic cycle. Distinct from the contemporary Indian CHIKV isolates and in contrast to the original Central-African strains (transmitted by <i>Ae. aegypti</i>), it carries the A226V mutation, indicating an independent adaptive mutation in response to vector replacement (<i>Ae. albopictus</i> vs <i>Ae. aegypti</i>). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:22:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1ccaeffa1794aa69d72c68a8829426c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:22:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1ccaeffa1794aa69d72c68a8829426c2023-11-20T13:34:14ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-09-01129102010.3390/v12091020Chikungunya Outbreak in the Republic of the Congo, 2019—Epidemiological, Virological and Entomological Findings of a South-North Multidisciplinary Taskforce InvestigationFrancesco Vairo0Martin Parfait Aimè Coussoud-Mavoungou1Francine Ntoumi2Concetta Castilletti3Lambert Kitembo4Najmul Haider5Fabrizio Carletti6Francesca Colavita7Cesare E. M. Gruber8Marco Iannetta9Francesco Messina10Simone Lanini11Biez Ulrich Judicaël12Emanuela Giombini13Chiara Montaldo14Chantal Portella15Steve Diafouka-Diatela16Martina Rueca17Richard Kock18Barbara Bartolini19Leonard Mboera20Vincent Munster21Robert Fischer22Stephanie Seifert23César Muñoz-Fontela24Beatriz Escudero-Pérez25Sergio Gomez-Medina26Emily V. Nelson27Patrick Kjia Tungu28Emanuele Nicastri29Vincenzo Puro30Antonino Di Caro31Maria Rosaria Capobianchi32Jacqueline Lydia Mikolo33Alimuddin Zumla34Giuseppe Ippolito35on behalf of the Pandora-ID-NET Consortium Chikungunya Outbreak Group TaskforceNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyFondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville CG-BZV, CongoMinistry of Science and Technology, Brazzaville CG-BZV, CongoNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyMinistry of Public Health, Brazzaville CG-BZV, CongoThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire NW1 0TU, UKNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyMinistry of Public Health, Brazzaville CG-BZV, CongoNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyDepartment de Sante Publique, Pointe Noire CG-16, CongoInstitute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, GermanyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire NW1 0TU, UKNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalySACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 30007, TanzaniaVirus Ecology Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAVirus Ecology Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAVirus Ecology Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USABernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Strasse, D-20359 Hamburg, GermanyBernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Strasse, D-20359 Hamburg, GermanyBernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Strasse, D-20359 Hamburg, GermanyBernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Strasse, D-20359 Hamburg, GermanyNational Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam 9653, TanzaniaNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyMinistry of Public Health, Brazzaville CG-BZV, CongoDivision of Infection and Immunity, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UKNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyThe Republic of Congo (RoC) declared a chikungunya (CHIK) outbreak on 9 February 2019. We conducted a ONE-Human-Animal HEALTH epidemiological, virological and entomological investigation. Methods: We collected national surveillance and epidemiological data. CHIK diagnosis was based on RT-PCR and CHIKV-specific antibodies. Full CHIKV genome sequences were obtained by Sanger and MinION approaches and Bayesian tree phylogenetic analysis was performed. Mosquito larvae and 215 adult mosquitoes were collected in different villages of Kouilou and Pointe-Noire districts and estimates of <i>Aedes (Ae.)</i> mosquitos’ CHIKV-infectious bites obtained. We found two new CHIKV sequences of the East/Central/South African (ECSA) lineage, clustering with the recent enzootic sub-clade 2, showing the A226V mutation. The RoC 2019 CHIKV strain has two novel mutations, E2-T126M and E2-H351N. Phylogenetic suggests a common origin from 2016 Angola strain, from which it diverged around 1989 (95% HPD 1985–1994). The infectious bite pattern was similar for 2017, 2018 and early 2019. One <i>Ae. albopictus</i> pool was RT-PCR positive. The 2019 RoC CHIKV strain seems to be recently introduced or be endemic in sylvatic cycle. Distinct from the contemporary Indian CHIKV isolates and in contrast to the original Central-African strains (transmitted by <i>Ae. aegypti</i>), it carries the A226V mutation, indicating an independent adaptive mutation in response to vector replacement (<i>Ae. albopictus</i> vs <i>Ae. aegypti</i>).https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/9/1020chikungunyaRepublic of Congooutbreak<i>Aedes spp</i>mosquitoarbovirus |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Vairo Martin Parfait Aimè Coussoud-Mavoungou Francine Ntoumi Concetta Castilletti Lambert Kitembo Najmul Haider Fabrizio Carletti Francesca Colavita Cesare E. M. Gruber Marco Iannetta Francesco Messina Simone Lanini Biez Ulrich Judicaël Emanuela Giombini Chiara Montaldo Chantal Portella Steve Diafouka-Diatela Martina Rueca Richard Kock Barbara Bartolini Leonard Mboera Vincent Munster Robert Fischer Stephanie Seifert César Muñoz-Fontela Beatriz Escudero-Pérez Sergio Gomez-Medina Emily V. Nelson Patrick Kjia Tungu Emanuele Nicastri Vincenzo Puro Antonino Di Caro Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Jacqueline Lydia Mikolo Alimuddin Zumla Giuseppe Ippolito on behalf of the Pandora-ID-NET Consortium Chikungunya Outbreak Group Taskforce Chikungunya Outbreak in the Republic of the Congo, 2019—Epidemiological, Virological and Entomological Findings of a South-North Multidisciplinary Taskforce Investigation Viruses chikungunya Republic of Congo outbreak <i>Aedes spp</i> mosquito arbovirus |
| title | Chikungunya Outbreak in the Republic of the Congo, 2019—Epidemiological, Virological and Entomological Findings of a South-North Multidisciplinary Taskforce Investigation |
| title_full | Chikungunya Outbreak in the Republic of the Congo, 2019—Epidemiological, Virological and Entomological Findings of a South-North Multidisciplinary Taskforce Investigation |
| title_fullStr | Chikungunya Outbreak in the Republic of the Congo, 2019—Epidemiological, Virological and Entomological Findings of a South-North Multidisciplinary Taskforce Investigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chikungunya Outbreak in the Republic of the Congo, 2019—Epidemiological, Virological and Entomological Findings of a South-North Multidisciplinary Taskforce Investigation |
| title_short | Chikungunya Outbreak in the Republic of the Congo, 2019—Epidemiological, Virological and Entomological Findings of a South-North Multidisciplinary Taskforce Investigation |
| title_sort | chikungunya outbreak in the republic of the congo 2019 epidemiological virological and entomological findings of a south north multidisciplinary taskforce investigation |
| topic | chikungunya Republic of Congo outbreak <i>Aedes spp</i> mosquito arbovirus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/9/1020 |
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