Relative Contribution of Atmospheric Forcing, Oceanic Preconditioning and Sea Ice to Deep Convection in the Labrador Sea
The relative contribution of atmospheric forcing, oceanic preconditioning, and sea ice to Labrador Sea Deep Convection (LSDC) is investigated by conducting three ensemble experiments using a global coupled sea ice–ocean model for the first time. Simulated results show that the atmospheric activities...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/4/869 |
| _version_ | 1797604840402059264 |
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| author | Yang Wu Xiangjun Zhao Zhengdong Qi Kai Zhou Dalei Qiao |
| author_facet | Yang Wu Xiangjun Zhao Zhengdong Qi Kai Zhou Dalei Qiao |
| author_sort | Yang Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The relative contribution of atmospheric forcing, oceanic preconditioning, and sea ice to Labrador Sea Deep Convection (LSDC) is investigated by conducting three ensemble experiments using a global coupled sea ice–ocean model for the first time. Simulated results show that the atmospheric activities dominate the interannual and decadal variability, accounting for 70% of LSDC. Oceanic preconditioning is more significant in the shallow LSDC years that the water column is stable, accounting for 21%, especially in the central Labrador Sea and Irminger Sea. Moreover, the sea ice contribution is negligible over the whole Labrador Sea, while its contribution is significant in the sea ice-covered slope regions, accounting for 20%. The increasingly importance of sea ice on LSDC and the water mass transformation will be found in the North Atlantic Ocean, if the Arctic sea ice declines continuously. Additionally, there is a 10 Sv increase (85%) in atmospheric forcing to the subpolar gyre in the North Atlantic Ocean, while oceanic preconditioning contributes a 7 Sv decrease (12%). These findings highlight the importance of summer oceanic preconditioning to LSDC and the subpolar gyre, and therefore it should be appropriately accounted for in future studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:52:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1e59b0a39b0456f92a758affc4b4379 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:52:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1e59b0a39b0456f92a758affc4b43792023-11-17T19:57:12ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122023-04-0111486910.3390/jmse11040869Relative Contribution of Atmospheric Forcing, Oceanic Preconditioning and Sea Ice to Deep Convection in the Labrador SeaYang Wu0Xiangjun Zhao1Zhengdong Qi2Kai Zhou3Dalei Qiao4School of Information Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, ChinaThe relative contribution of atmospheric forcing, oceanic preconditioning, and sea ice to Labrador Sea Deep Convection (LSDC) is investigated by conducting three ensemble experiments using a global coupled sea ice–ocean model for the first time. Simulated results show that the atmospheric activities dominate the interannual and decadal variability, accounting for 70% of LSDC. Oceanic preconditioning is more significant in the shallow LSDC years that the water column is stable, accounting for 21%, especially in the central Labrador Sea and Irminger Sea. Moreover, the sea ice contribution is negligible over the whole Labrador Sea, while its contribution is significant in the sea ice-covered slope regions, accounting for 20%. The increasingly importance of sea ice on LSDC and the water mass transformation will be found in the North Atlantic Ocean, if the Arctic sea ice declines continuously. Additionally, there is a 10 Sv increase (85%) in atmospheric forcing to the subpolar gyre in the North Atlantic Ocean, while oceanic preconditioning contributes a 7 Sv decrease (12%). These findings highlight the importance of summer oceanic preconditioning to LSDC and the subpolar gyre, and therefore it should be appropriately accounted for in future studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/4/869air–ice–ocean interactiondeep convectionLabrador seasubpolar gyreMITgcm-ECCO2North Atlantic Ocean |
| spellingShingle | Yang Wu Xiangjun Zhao Zhengdong Qi Kai Zhou Dalei Qiao Relative Contribution of Atmospheric Forcing, Oceanic Preconditioning and Sea Ice to Deep Convection in the Labrador Sea Journal of Marine Science and Engineering air–ice–ocean interaction deep convection Labrador sea subpolar gyre MITgcm-ECCO2 North Atlantic Ocean |
| title | Relative Contribution of Atmospheric Forcing, Oceanic Preconditioning and Sea Ice to Deep Convection in the Labrador Sea |
| title_full | Relative Contribution of Atmospheric Forcing, Oceanic Preconditioning and Sea Ice to Deep Convection in the Labrador Sea |
| title_fullStr | Relative Contribution of Atmospheric Forcing, Oceanic Preconditioning and Sea Ice to Deep Convection in the Labrador Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relative Contribution of Atmospheric Forcing, Oceanic Preconditioning and Sea Ice to Deep Convection in the Labrador Sea |
| title_short | Relative Contribution of Atmospheric Forcing, Oceanic Preconditioning and Sea Ice to Deep Convection in the Labrador Sea |
| title_sort | relative contribution of atmospheric forcing oceanic preconditioning and sea ice to deep convection in the labrador sea |
| topic | air–ice–ocean interaction deep convection Labrador sea subpolar gyre MITgcm-ECCO2 North Atlantic Ocean |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/4/869 |
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