Development of an LSTM broadcasting deep-learning framework for regional air pollution forecast improvement
<p>Deep-learning frameworks can effectively forecast the air pollution data for individual stations by decoding time series data. However, most of the existing time-series-based deep-learning models use offline spatial interpolation strategies and thus cannot reliably project the station-based...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Geoscientific Model Development |
| Online Access: | https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/15/8439/2022/gmd-15-8439-2022.pdf |
| Summary: | <p>Deep-learning frameworks can effectively forecast the air pollution data for individual stations by decoding time series data. However, most of the existing time-series-based deep-learning models use offline spatial interpolation strategies and thus cannot reliably project the station-based forecast to the spatial region of interest. In this study, the station-based long short-term memory (LSTM) technique was extended for spatial air quality forecasting by combining a novel deep-learning layer, termed the broadcasting layer, which incorporates a learnable weight decay
parameter designed for point-to-area extension. Unlike most existing
deep-learning-based methods that isolate the interpolation from the model
training process, the proposed end-to-end LSTM broadcasting framework can
consider the temporal characteristics of the time series and spatial relationships among different stations. To validate the proposed deep-learning framework, PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> and O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> forecasts for the next 48 h were obtained using 3D chemical transport model simulation results and ground observation data as the inputs. The root mean square error associated with the proposed framework was 40 % and 20 % lower than those of the Weather Research and Forecasting–Community Multiscale Air Quality model and an offline combination of the deep-learning and spatial interpolation methods, respectively. The novel LSTM broadcasting framework can be extended for air pollution forecasting in other regions of interest.</p> |
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| ISSN: | 1991-959X 1991-9603 |