Identification and Characterization of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) Non-Nodulating Mutants Altered in Rhizobial Infection
The symbiotic N<sub>2</sub>-fixation process in the legume–rhizobia interaction is relevant for sustainable agriculture. The characterization of symbiotic mutants, mainly in model legumes, has been instrumental for the discovery of symbiotic genes, but similar studies in crop legumes are...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1310 |
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| author | Rocío Reyero-Saavedra Sara Isabel Fuentes Alfonso Leija Gladys Jiménez-Nopala Pablo Peláez Mario Ramírez Lourdes Girard Timothy G. Porch Georgina Hernández |
| author_facet | Rocío Reyero-Saavedra Sara Isabel Fuentes Alfonso Leija Gladys Jiménez-Nopala Pablo Peláez Mario Ramírez Lourdes Girard Timothy G. Porch Georgina Hernández |
| author_sort | Rocío Reyero-Saavedra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The symbiotic N<sub>2</sub>-fixation process in the legume–rhizobia interaction is relevant for sustainable agriculture. The characterization of symbiotic mutants, mainly in model legumes, has been instrumental for the discovery of symbiotic genes, but similar studies in crop legumes are scant. To isolate and characterize common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) symbiotic mutants, an ethyl methanesulphonate-induced mutant population from the BAT 93 genotype was analyzed. Our initial screening of <i>Rhizobium etli</i> CE3-inoculated mutant plants revealed different alterations in nodulation. We proceeded with the characterization of three non-nodulating (<i>nnod</i>), apparently monogenic/recessive mutants: <i>nnod</i>(1895), <i>nnod</i>(2353) and <i>nnod</i>(2114). Their reduced growth in a symbiotic condition was restored when the nitrate was added. A similar <i>nnod</i> phenotype was observed upon inoculation with other efficient rhizobia species. A microscopic analysis revealed a different impairment for each mutant in an early symbiotic step. <i>nnod</i>(1895) formed decreased root hair curling but had increased non-effective root hair deformation and no rhizobia infection. <i>nnod</i>(2353) produced normal root hair curling and rhizobia entrapment to form infection chambers, but the development of the latter was blocked. <i>nnod</i>(2114) formed infection threads that did not elongate and thus did not reach the root cortex level; it occasionally formed non-infected pseudo-nodules. The current research is aimed at mapping the responsible mutated gene for a better understanding of SNF in this critical food crop. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1fd22438d9b47db8d1e98e16574aaf32023-11-17T13:22:03ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01126131010.3390/plants12061310Identification and Characterization of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) Non-Nodulating Mutants Altered in Rhizobial InfectionRocío Reyero-Saavedra0Sara Isabel Fuentes1Alfonso Leija2Gladys Jiménez-Nopala3Pablo Peláez4Mario Ramírez5Lourdes Girard6Timothy G. Porch7Georgina Hernández8Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, MexicoCentro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, MexicoCentro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, MexicoCentro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, MexicoCentro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, MexicoCentro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, MexicoCentro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, MexicoUSDA-ARS, Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 2200 P.A. Campos Avenue, Suite 201, Mayaguez 00680, Puerto RicoCentro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, MexicoThe symbiotic N<sub>2</sub>-fixation process in the legume–rhizobia interaction is relevant for sustainable agriculture. The characterization of symbiotic mutants, mainly in model legumes, has been instrumental for the discovery of symbiotic genes, but similar studies in crop legumes are scant. To isolate and characterize common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) symbiotic mutants, an ethyl methanesulphonate-induced mutant population from the BAT 93 genotype was analyzed. Our initial screening of <i>Rhizobium etli</i> CE3-inoculated mutant plants revealed different alterations in nodulation. We proceeded with the characterization of three non-nodulating (<i>nnod</i>), apparently monogenic/recessive mutants: <i>nnod</i>(1895), <i>nnod</i>(2353) and <i>nnod</i>(2114). Their reduced growth in a symbiotic condition was restored when the nitrate was added. A similar <i>nnod</i> phenotype was observed upon inoculation with other efficient rhizobia species. A microscopic analysis revealed a different impairment for each mutant in an early symbiotic step. <i>nnod</i>(1895) formed decreased root hair curling but had increased non-effective root hair deformation and no rhizobia infection. <i>nnod</i>(2353) produced normal root hair curling and rhizobia entrapment to form infection chambers, but the development of the latter was blocked. <i>nnod</i>(2114) formed infection threads that did not elongate and thus did not reach the root cortex level; it occasionally formed non-infected pseudo-nodules. The current research is aimed at mapping the responsible mutated gene for a better understanding of SNF in this critical food crop.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1310nodulation<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>EMSinfectionrhizobiasymbiosis |
| spellingShingle | Rocío Reyero-Saavedra Sara Isabel Fuentes Alfonso Leija Gladys Jiménez-Nopala Pablo Peláez Mario Ramírez Lourdes Girard Timothy G. Porch Georgina Hernández Identification and Characterization of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) Non-Nodulating Mutants Altered in Rhizobial Infection Plants nodulation <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> EMS infection rhizobia symbiosis |
| title | Identification and Characterization of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) Non-Nodulating Mutants Altered in Rhizobial Infection |
| title_full | Identification and Characterization of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) Non-Nodulating Mutants Altered in Rhizobial Infection |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Characterization of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) Non-Nodulating Mutants Altered in Rhizobial Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Characterization of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) Non-Nodulating Mutants Altered in Rhizobial Infection |
| title_short | Identification and Characterization of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) Non-Nodulating Mutants Altered in Rhizobial Infection |
| title_sort | identification and characterization of common bean i phaseolus vulgaris i non nodulating mutants altered in rhizobial infection |
| topic | nodulation <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> EMS infection rhizobia symbiosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1310 |
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