Adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Biomasses of <i>Theobroma cacao</i>, <i>Zea mays</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, <i>Dioscorea rotundata</i> and <i>Elaeis guineensis</i>
In this work, the mechanisms of cadmium (Cd<sup>2+</sup>) adsorption on residual biomasses from husks of yam (<i>Dioscorea</i> rotundata), cassava (<i>Manihor</i> esculenta), cocoa (<i>Theobroma</i> cacao), corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) and oil pa...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/6/2657 |
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| author | Ángel Villabona-Ortíz Candelaria Tejada-Tovar Ángel Darío Gonzalez-Delgado |
| author_facet | Ángel Villabona-Ortíz Candelaria Tejada-Tovar Ángel Darío Gonzalez-Delgado |
| author_sort | Ángel Villabona-Ortíz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, the mechanisms of cadmium (Cd<sup>2+</sup>) adsorption on residual biomasses from husks of yam (<i>Dioscorea</i> rotundata), cassava (<i>Manihor</i> esculenta), cocoa (<i>Theobroma</i> cacao), corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) and oil palm bagasse (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>) were studied in order to evaluate the effect of temperature, adsorbent dose and particle size in a batch system. Isotherms and adsorption kinetics were determined and adjusted to different models. The biomaterials were characterized using the techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Results reveal that the possible mechanisms of Cd<sup>2+</sup> adsorption in bioadsorbents were ion exchange and complexation with -COOH and -OH groups. From the experimentation, it was found that best conditions were presented at 55 °C, particle size 0.5 mm and 0.03 g adsorbent. The following biomass performance was obtained in terms of adsorption capacities: cocoa husk (CH) > corn cob residues (CCR) > cassava peel (CP) > palm bagasse (OPB) > yam peel (YP), according to the Langmuir and Dubinin- Radushkevich (D-R) models. The equilibrium of Cd<sup>2+</sup> adsorption over YP and OPB was well described by Langmuir’s isothermal model, while for CH, CCR and CP the model that best fit experimental data was Freundlich’s model. The results of D-R model suggested that the process is controlled by physisorption mechanism with strong interactions among active sites and Cd<sup>2+</sup> ions. The kinetics for all systems studied fit the pseudo-second order model. The values of the thermodynamic parameters established that cadmium removal is of endothermic nature and not spontaneous using YP and CP, and exothermic, spontaneous and irreversible when using OPB, CH and CCR. The results suggest the use of YP, OPB, CH, CP and CCR residues for the removal of aqueous Cd<sup>2+</sup>. |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:12:04Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e1fe82a07d1a4e6db2e8a6471a0cf0002023-11-21T10:45:02ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-03-01116265710.3390/app11062657Adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Biomasses of <i>Theobroma cacao</i>, <i>Zea mays</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, <i>Dioscorea rotundata</i> and <i>Elaeis guineensis</i>Ángel Villabona-Ortíz0Candelaria Tejada-Tovar1Ángel Darío Gonzalez-Delgado2Process Design and Biomass Utilization Research Group (IDAB), Chemical Engineering Department, University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado St. 30, Cartagena de Indias 130015, ColombiaProcess Design and Biomass Utilization Research Group (IDAB), Chemical Engineering Department, University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado St. 30, Cartagena de Indias 130015, ColombiaNanomaterials and Computer Aided Process Engineering Research Group (NIPAC), Chemical Engineering Department, University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado St. 30, Cartagena de Indias 130015, ColombiaIn this work, the mechanisms of cadmium (Cd<sup>2+</sup>) adsorption on residual biomasses from husks of yam (<i>Dioscorea</i> rotundata), cassava (<i>Manihor</i> esculenta), cocoa (<i>Theobroma</i> cacao), corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) and oil palm bagasse (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>) were studied in order to evaluate the effect of temperature, adsorbent dose and particle size in a batch system. Isotherms and adsorption kinetics were determined and adjusted to different models. The biomaterials were characterized using the techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Results reveal that the possible mechanisms of Cd<sup>2+</sup> adsorption in bioadsorbents were ion exchange and complexation with -COOH and -OH groups. From the experimentation, it was found that best conditions were presented at 55 °C, particle size 0.5 mm and 0.03 g adsorbent. The following biomass performance was obtained in terms of adsorption capacities: cocoa husk (CH) > corn cob residues (CCR) > cassava peel (CP) > palm bagasse (OPB) > yam peel (YP), according to the Langmuir and Dubinin- Radushkevich (D-R) models. The equilibrium of Cd<sup>2+</sup> adsorption over YP and OPB was well described by Langmuir’s isothermal model, while for CH, CCR and CP the model that best fit experimental data was Freundlich’s model. The results of D-R model suggested that the process is controlled by physisorption mechanism with strong interactions among active sites and Cd<sup>2+</sup> ions. The kinetics for all systems studied fit the pseudo-second order model. The values of the thermodynamic parameters established that cadmium removal is of endothermic nature and not spontaneous using YP and CP, and exothermic, spontaneous and irreversible when using OPB, CH and CCR. The results suggest the use of YP, OPB, CH, CP and CCR residues for the removal of aqueous Cd<sup>2+</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/6/2657cadmiumadsorption mechanismadsorption characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Ángel Villabona-Ortíz Candelaria Tejada-Tovar Ángel Darío Gonzalez-Delgado Adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Biomasses of <i>Theobroma cacao</i>, <i>Zea mays</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, <i>Dioscorea rotundata</i> and <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Applied Sciences cadmium adsorption mechanism adsorption characteristics |
| title | Adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Biomasses of <i>Theobroma cacao</i>, <i>Zea mays</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, <i>Dioscorea rotundata</i> and <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> |
| title_full | Adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Biomasses of <i>Theobroma cacao</i>, <i>Zea mays</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, <i>Dioscorea rotundata</i> and <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Biomasses of <i>Theobroma cacao</i>, <i>Zea mays</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, <i>Dioscorea rotundata</i> and <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Biomasses of <i>Theobroma cacao</i>, <i>Zea mays</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, <i>Dioscorea rotundata</i> and <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> |
| title_short | Adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Biomasses of <i>Theobroma cacao</i>, <i>Zea mays</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, <i>Dioscorea rotundata</i> and <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> |
| title_sort | adsorption of cd sup 2 sup ions from aqueous solution using biomasses of i theobroma cacao i i zea mays i i manihot esculenta i i dioscorea rotundata i and i elaeis guineensis i |
| topic | cadmium adsorption mechanism adsorption characteristics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/6/2657 |
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