Molecular Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany)
This study investigated the intra- and inter-herd diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) isolates from four goat herds in Thuringia (Germany) that were affected by paratuberculosis for several years. The main focus was on the characteriza...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/22/3542 |
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| author | Chris Pickrodt Heike Köhler Udo Moog Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio Petra Möbius |
| author_facet | Chris Pickrodt Heike Köhler Udo Moog Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio Petra Möbius |
| author_sort | Chris Pickrodt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the intra- and inter-herd diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) isolates from four goat herds in Thuringia (Germany) that were affected by paratuberculosis for several years. The main focus was on the characterization and distribution of genotypes among animals and the environment of goat herd 1. This study included 196 isolates from the feces of 121 infected goats, various tissues from 13 clinically diseased goats, 29 environmental samples from herd 1, and additionally, 22 isolates of different origin from herds 2 to 4. The isolates, sampled between 2018 and 2022, were genotyped using short-sequence-repeat (SSR) analysis, mycobacterial-interspersed repetitive units–variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU–VNTR) analysis, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based assay for phylogenetic grouping. All the isolates belonged to the MAP-C group. In herd 1, one predominant genotype was determined, while two other genotypes were identified very rarely and only in fecal and environmental samples. One of three further genotypes was found in each of herds 2 to 4. The assignment of genotypes to different phylogenetic clades suggested six different infection strains. The results indicated no epidemiological links between the examined herds. Based on the current MAP genotyping data from Germany, possible sources of infection are MAP-contaminated barns previously used by infected cattle and the purchase of sub-clinically infected goats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:05:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e1ff0bf830884973a65954e6c94084bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:05:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-e1ff0bf830884973a65954e6c94084bc2023-11-24T14:24:55ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-11-011322354210.3390/ani13223542Molecular Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany)Chris Pickrodt0Heike Köhler1Udo Moog2Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio3Petra Möbius4Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyThuringian Animal Diseases Fund, Sheep and Goat Health Service, Victor-Goerttler-Straße 4, 07745 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyThis study investigated the intra- and inter-herd diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) isolates from four goat herds in Thuringia (Germany) that were affected by paratuberculosis for several years. The main focus was on the characterization and distribution of genotypes among animals and the environment of goat herd 1. This study included 196 isolates from the feces of 121 infected goats, various tissues from 13 clinically diseased goats, 29 environmental samples from herd 1, and additionally, 22 isolates of different origin from herds 2 to 4. The isolates, sampled between 2018 and 2022, were genotyped using short-sequence-repeat (SSR) analysis, mycobacterial-interspersed repetitive units–variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU–VNTR) analysis, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based assay for phylogenetic grouping. All the isolates belonged to the MAP-C group. In herd 1, one predominant genotype was determined, while two other genotypes were identified very rarely and only in fecal and environmental samples. One of three further genotypes was found in each of herds 2 to 4. The assignment of genotypes to different phylogenetic clades suggested six different infection strains. The results indicated no epidemiological links between the examined herds. Based on the current MAP genotyping data from Germany, possible sources of infection are MAP-contaminated barns previously used by infected cattle and the purchase of sub-clinically infected goats.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/22/3542MAPSNP-based assayMIRU–VNTRSSR analysisMAP-C genotypesfecal |
| spellingShingle | Chris Pickrodt Heike Köhler Udo Moog Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio Petra Möbius Molecular Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany) Animals MAP SNP-based assay MIRU–VNTR SSR analysis MAP-C genotypes fecal |
| title | Molecular Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany) |
| title_full | Molecular Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany) |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany) |
| title_short | Molecular Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany) |
| title_sort | molecular diversity of i mycobacterium avium i subsp i paratuberculosis i in four dairy goat herds from thuringia germany |
| topic | MAP SNP-based assay MIRU–VNTR SSR analysis MAP-C genotypes fecal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/22/3542 |
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