Tribological Response of δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coatings Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Bismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) coatings and composite coatings containing this oxide have been studied due to their potential applications in gas sensing, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and even tribology. Two parametric models based on chemical features have b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Lubricants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/11/5/207 |
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| author | Sandra E. Rodil Osmary Depablos-Rivera Juan Carlos Sánchez-López |
| author_facet | Sandra E. Rodil Osmary Depablos-Rivera Juan Carlos Sánchez-López |
| author_sort | Sandra E. Rodil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) coatings and composite coatings containing this oxide have been studied due to their potential applications in gas sensing, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and even tribology. Two parametric models based on chemical features have been proposed with the aim of predicting the lubricity response of oxides. However, such models predict contradictory values of the coefficient of friction (COF) for Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. In this study, we deposited Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> coatings, via magnetron sputtering, on AISI D2 steel substrates to evaluate the tribological responses of the coatings and determine which parametric model describes them better. Experimentally, only coatings presenting the cubic defective fluorite-like δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase could be evaluated. We performed pin-on-disk tests at room temperature and progressively increasing temperatures up to 300 °C using alumina and steel counter-bodies. Low wear and COFs (0.05 to 0.15) indicated that the δ-phase behaves as a lubricious solid, favoring the validity of one of the models. An alternative explanation is proposed for the low COF of the defective fluorite-like structure since it is well known that it contains 25% of anionic vacancies that can be ordered to form low shear-strength planes, similar to the Magnéli phases. Two challenges for future potential applications were observed: one was the low adhesion strength to the substrate, and the other was the thermal stability of this phase. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:33:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e201a4b8602b42b6aaecdd5c34b60e69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4442 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:33:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Lubricants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e201a4b8602b42b6aaecdd5c34b60e692023-11-18T02:10:45ZengMDPI AGLubricants2075-44422023-05-0111520710.3390/lubricants11050207Tribological Response of δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coatings Deposited by RF Magnetron SputteringSandra E. Rodil0Osmary Depablos-Rivera1Juan Carlos Sánchez-López2Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avda. Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avda. Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, MexicoInstituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, SpainBismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) coatings and composite coatings containing this oxide have been studied due to their potential applications in gas sensing, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and even tribology. Two parametric models based on chemical features have been proposed with the aim of predicting the lubricity response of oxides. However, such models predict contradictory values of the coefficient of friction (COF) for Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. In this study, we deposited Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> coatings, via magnetron sputtering, on AISI D2 steel substrates to evaluate the tribological responses of the coatings and determine which parametric model describes them better. Experimentally, only coatings presenting the cubic defective fluorite-like δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase could be evaluated. We performed pin-on-disk tests at room temperature and progressively increasing temperatures up to 300 °C using alumina and steel counter-bodies. Low wear and COFs (0.05 to 0.15) indicated that the δ-phase behaves as a lubricious solid, favoring the validity of one of the models. An alternative explanation is proposed for the low COF of the defective fluorite-like structure since it is well known that it contains 25% of anionic vacancies that can be ordered to form low shear-strength planes, similar to the Magnéli phases. Two challenges for future potential applications were observed: one was the low adhesion strength to the substrate, and the other was the thermal stability of this phase.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/11/5/207lubricious oxidebismuth oxidecubic delta-phasecoatingssputteringcoefficient of friction |
| spellingShingle | Sandra E. Rodil Osmary Depablos-Rivera Juan Carlos Sánchez-López Tribological Response of δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coatings Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering Lubricants lubricious oxide bismuth oxide cubic delta-phase coatings sputtering coefficient of friction |
| title | Tribological Response of δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coatings Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering |
| title_full | Tribological Response of δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coatings Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering |
| title_fullStr | Tribological Response of δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coatings Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tribological Response of δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coatings Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering |
| title_short | Tribological Response of δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coatings Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering |
| title_sort | tribological response of δ bi sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub coatings deposited by rf magnetron sputtering |
| topic | lubricious oxide bismuth oxide cubic delta-phase coatings sputtering coefficient of friction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/11/5/207 |
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