Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), Korea

Plant functional type (PFT) distributions affect the results of biogenic emission modeling as well as O<sub>3</sub> and particulate matter (PM) simulations using chemistry-transport models (CTMs). This paper analyzes the variations of both surface biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: H.-K. Kim, J.-H. Woo, R. S. Park, C. H. Song, J.-H. Kim, S.-J. Ban, J.-H. Park
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2014-07-01
Series:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/7461/2014/acp-14-7461-2014.pdf
_version_ 1819086810066714624
author H.-K. Kim
J.-H. Woo
R. S. Park
C. H. Song
J.-H. Kim
S.-J. Ban
J.-H. Park
author_facet H.-K. Kim
J.-H. Woo
R. S. Park
C. H. Song
J.-H. Kim
S.-J. Ban
J.-H. Park
author_sort H.-K. Kim
collection DOAJ
description Plant functional type (PFT) distributions affect the results of biogenic emission modeling as well as O<sub>3</sub> and particulate matter (PM) simulations using chemistry-transport models (CTMs). This paper analyzes the variations of both surface biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations due to changes in the PFT distributions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas, Korea. The Fifth-Generation NCAR/Pennsylvania State Meso-scale Model (MM5)/the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN)/the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE)/the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations were implemented over the Seoul Metropolitan Areas in Korea to predict surface O<sub>3</sub> concentrations for the period of 1 May to 31 June 2008. Starting from a performance check of CTM predictions, we consecutively assessed the effects of PFT area deviations on the MEGAN BVOC and CTM O<sub>3</sub> predictions, and we further considered the basis of geospatial and statistical analyses. The three PFT data sets considered were (1) the Korean PFT, developed with Korea-specific vegetation database; (2) the CDP PFT, adopted from the community data portal (CDP) of US National Center for Atmospheric Research in the United States (NCAR); (3) MODIS PFT, reclassified from the NASA Terra and Aqua combined land cover products. Although the CMAQ performance check reveals that all of the three different PFT data sets are applicable choices for regulatory modeling practice, noticeable primary data (i.e., PFT and Leaf Area Index (LAI)) was observed to be missing in many geographic locations. Based on the assessed effect of such missing data on CMAQ O<sub>3</sub> predictions, we found that this missing data can cause spatially increased bias in CMAQ O<sub>3</sub>. Thus, it must be resolved in the near future to obtain more accurate biogenic emission and chemistry transport modeling results. <br><br> Comparisons of MEGAN biogenic emission results with the three different PFT data showed that broadleaf trees (BTs) are the most significant contributor, followed by needleleaf trees (NTs), shrub (SB), and herbaceous plants (HBs) to the total BVOCs. In addition, isoprene from BTs and terpene from NTs were recognized as significant primary and secondary BVOC species in terms of BVOC emissions distributions and O<sub>3</sub>-forming potentials in the study domain. A geographically weighted regression analysis with locally compensated ridge (LCR-GWR) with the different PFT data (δO<sub>3</sub> vs. δPFTs) suggests that addition of BT, SB, and NT areas can contribute to O<sub>3</sub> increase, whereas addition of an HB area contributes to O<sub>3</sub> decrease in the domain. <br><br> Assessment results of the simulated spatial and temporal changes of O<sub>3</sub> distributions with the different PFT scenarios reveal that hourly and local impacts from the different PFT distributions on occasional inter-deviations of O<sub>3</sub> are quite noticeable, reaching up to 13 ppb. The simulated maximum 1 h O<sub>3</sub> inter-deviations between different PFT scenarios have an asymmetric diurnal distribution pattern (low in the early morning, rising during the day, peaking at 05:00 p.m., and decreasing during the night) in the study domain. Exponentially diverging hourly BVOC emissions and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations with increasing ambient temperature suggest that the use of different PFT distribution data requires much caution when modeling (or forecasting) O<sub>3</sub> air quality in complicated urban atmospheric conditions in terms of whether uncertainties in O<sub>3</sub> prediction results are expected to be mild or severe.
first_indexed 2024-12-21T21:26:10Z
format Article
id doaj.art-e204de0916754071beb19b95d56fdb22
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 1680-7316
1680-7324
language English
last_indexed 2024-12-21T21:26:10Z
publishDate 2014-07-01
publisher Copernicus Publications
record_format Article
series Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
spelling doaj.art-e204de0916754071beb19b95d56fdb222022-12-21T18:49:45ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242014-07-0114147461748410.5194/acp-14-7461-2014Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), KoreaH.-K. Kim0J.-H. Woo1R. S. Park2C. H. Song3J.-H. Kim4S.-J. Ban5J.-H. Park6Konkuk University, Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Seoul, KoreaKonkuk University, Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Seoul, KoreaGwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju, KoreaGwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju, KoreaGreen-ECOS, Seoul, KoreaNational Institute of Environmental Research, Air Quality Research Division, Incheon, KoreaNational Institute of Environmental Research, Air Quality Research Division, Incheon, KoreaPlant functional type (PFT) distributions affect the results of biogenic emission modeling as well as O<sub>3</sub> and particulate matter (PM) simulations using chemistry-transport models (CTMs). This paper analyzes the variations of both surface biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations due to changes in the PFT distributions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas, Korea. The Fifth-Generation NCAR/Pennsylvania State Meso-scale Model (MM5)/the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN)/the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE)/the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations were implemented over the Seoul Metropolitan Areas in Korea to predict surface O<sub>3</sub> concentrations for the period of 1 May to 31 June 2008. Starting from a performance check of CTM predictions, we consecutively assessed the effects of PFT area deviations on the MEGAN BVOC and CTM O<sub>3</sub> predictions, and we further considered the basis of geospatial and statistical analyses. The three PFT data sets considered were (1) the Korean PFT, developed with Korea-specific vegetation database; (2) the CDP PFT, adopted from the community data portal (CDP) of US National Center for Atmospheric Research in the United States (NCAR); (3) MODIS PFT, reclassified from the NASA Terra and Aqua combined land cover products. Although the CMAQ performance check reveals that all of the three different PFT data sets are applicable choices for regulatory modeling practice, noticeable primary data (i.e., PFT and Leaf Area Index (LAI)) was observed to be missing in many geographic locations. Based on the assessed effect of such missing data on CMAQ O<sub>3</sub> predictions, we found that this missing data can cause spatially increased bias in CMAQ O<sub>3</sub>. Thus, it must be resolved in the near future to obtain more accurate biogenic emission and chemistry transport modeling results. <br><br> Comparisons of MEGAN biogenic emission results with the three different PFT data showed that broadleaf trees (BTs) are the most significant contributor, followed by needleleaf trees (NTs), shrub (SB), and herbaceous plants (HBs) to the total BVOCs. In addition, isoprene from BTs and terpene from NTs were recognized as significant primary and secondary BVOC species in terms of BVOC emissions distributions and O<sub>3</sub>-forming potentials in the study domain. A geographically weighted regression analysis with locally compensated ridge (LCR-GWR) with the different PFT data (δO<sub>3</sub> vs. δPFTs) suggests that addition of BT, SB, and NT areas can contribute to O<sub>3</sub> increase, whereas addition of an HB area contributes to O<sub>3</sub> decrease in the domain. <br><br> Assessment results of the simulated spatial and temporal changes of O<sub>3</sub> distributions with the different PFT scenarios reveal that hourly and local impacts from the different PFT distributions on occasional inter-deviations of O<sub>3</sub> are quite noticeable, reaching up to 13 ppb. The simulated maximum 1 h O<sub>3</sub> inter-deviations between different PFT scenarios have an asymmetric diurnal distribution pattern (low in the early morning, rising during the day, peaking at 05:00 p.m., and decreasing during the night) in the study domain. Exponentially diverging hourly BVOC emissions and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations with increasing ambient temperature suggest that the use of different PFT distribution data requires much caution when modeling (or forecasting) O<sub>3</sub> air quality in complicated urban atmospheric conditions in terms of whether uncertainties in O<sub>3</sub> prediction results are expected to be mild or severe.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/7461/2014/acp-14-7461-2014.pdf
spellingShingle H.-K. Kim
J.-H. Woo
R. S. Park
C. H. Song
J.-H. Kim
S.-J. Ban
J.-H. Park
Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), Korea
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
title Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), Korea
title_full Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), Korea
title_fullStr Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), Korea
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), Korea
title_short Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), Korea
title_sort impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the seoul metropolitan areas smas korea
url http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/7461/2014/acp-14-7461-2014.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT hkkim impactsofdifferentplantfunctionaltypesonambientozonepredictionsintheseoulmetropolitanareassmaskorea
AT jhwoo impactsofdifferentplantfunctionaltypesonambientozonepredictionsintheseoulmetropolitanareassmaskorea
AT rspark impactsofdifferentplantfunctionaltypesonambientozonepredictionsintheseoulmetropolitanareassmaskorea
AT chsong impactsofdifferentplantfunctionaltypesonambientozonepredictionsintheseoulmetropolitanareassmaskorea
AT jhkim impactsofdifferentplantfunctionaltypesonambientozonepredictionsintheseoulmetropolitanareassmaskorea
AT sjban impactsofdifferentplantfunctionaltypesonambientozonepredictionsintheseoulmetropolitanareassmaskorea
AT jhpark impactsofdifferentplantfunctionaltypesonambientozonepredictionsintheseoulmetropolitanareassmaskorea