Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles (NPs) are elements derived from a cluster of atoms with one or more dimensions in the nanometer scale in the range of 1–100 nm. The bio nanofabrication of metallic NPs is now an important dynamic area of research, with major significance in applied research. Biogenic synthesis of NPs i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/4/455 |
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| author | Shabaaz J. P. Begum S. Pratibha Janhvi M. Rawat Divya Venugopal Prashant Sahu Abhilash Gowda Kamal A. Qureshi Mariusz Jaremko |
| author_facet | Shabaaz J. P. Begum S. Pratibha Janhvi M. Rawat Divya Venugopal Prashant Sahu Abhilash Gowda Kamal A. Qureshi Mariusz Jaremko |
| author_sort | Shabaaz J. P. Begum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nanoparticles (NPs) are elements derived from a cluster of atoms with one or more dimensions in the nanometer scale in the range of 1–100 nm. The bio nanofabrication of metallic NPs is now an important dynamic area of research, with major significance in applied research. Biogenic synthesis of NPs is more desirable than physical and chemical synthesis due to its eco-friendliness, non-toxicity, lower energy consumption, and multifunctional nature. Plants outperform microorganisms as reducing agents as they contain large secondary biomolecules that accelerate the reduction and stability of the NPs. The produced NPs can then be studied spectroscopically (UV-Visible, XRD, Raman, IR, etc.) and microscopically (SEM, TEM, AFM, etc.). The biological reduction of a metallic ion or its oxide to a nanoparticle is quick, simple, and may be scaled up at room temperature and pressure. The rise in multi-drug resistant (MDR) microbes due to the immoderate use of antibiotics in non-infected patients is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The contemporary development of a new class of antibiotics with different mechanisms of action to kill microbes is crucial. Metals and their oxides are extremely toxic to microbes at unprecedentedly low concentrations. In addition, prevailing infections in plants and animals are raising significant concerns across the globe. NPs’ wide range of bioactivity makes them ideal antimicrobial agents in agricultural and medical fields. The present review outlines the synthesis of metallic NPs from botanicals, which enables the metals to be in a stabilized form even after ionization. It also presents a valuable database on the biofunctionalization of synthesized NPs for further drug development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:31:35Z |
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| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:31:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-e209fed6ee804342b1ca627ded13586c2023-12-01T21:18:10ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472022-04-0115445510.3390/ph15040455Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic NanoparticlesShabaaz J. P. Begum0S. Pratibha1Janhvi M. Rawat2Divya Venugopal3Prashant Sahu4Abhilash Gowda5Kamal A. Qureshi6Mariusz Jaremko7Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, IndiaDepartment of Physics, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, IndiaBabulal Tara Bhai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar 470228, IndiaBangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru 560002, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi ArabiaSmart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah 23955, Saudi ArabiaNanoparticles (NPs) are elements derived from a cluster of atoms with one or more dimensions in the nanometer scale in the range of 1–100 nm. The bio nanofabrication of metallic NPs is now an important dynamic area of research, with major significance in applied research. Biogenic synthesis of NPs is more desirable than physical and chemical synthesis due to its eco-friendliness, non-toxicity, lower energy consumption, and multifunctional nature. Plants outperform microorganisms as reducing agents as they contain large secondary biomolecules that accelerate the reduction and stability of the NPs. The produced NPs can then be studied spectroscopically (UV-Visible, XRD, Raman, IR, etc.) and microscopically (SEM, TEM, AFM, etc.). The biological reduction of a metallic ion or its oxide to a nanoparticle is quick, simple, and may be scaled up at room temperature and pressure. The rise in multi-drug resistant (MDR) microbes due to the immoderate use of antibiotics in non-infected patients is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The contemporary development of a new class of antibiotics with different mechanisms of action to kill microbes is crucial. Metals and their oxides are extremely toxic to microbes at unprecedentedly low concentrations. In addition, prevailing infections in plants and animals are raising significant concerns across the globe. NPs’ wide range of bioactivity makes them ideal antimicrobial agents in agricultural and medical fields. The present review outlines the synthesis of metallic NPs from botanicals, which enables the metals to be in a stabilized form even after ionization. It also presents a valuable database on the biofunctionalization of synthesized NPs for further drug development.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/4/455metallic nanoparticlesplant-mediated green synthesisbiofunctionalantimicrobial activity |
| spellingShingle | Shabaaz J. P. Begum S. Pratibha Janhvi M. Rawat Divya Venugopal Prashant Sahu Abhilash Gowda Kamal A. Qureshi Mariusz Jaremko Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles Pharmaceuticals metallic nanoparticles plant-mediated green synthesis biofunctional antimicrobial activity |
| title | Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | recent advances in green synthesis characterization and applications of bioactive metallic nanoparticles |
| topic | metallic nanoparticles plant-mediated green synthesis biofunctional antimicrobial activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/4/455 |
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