Stimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Depression Prediction
Background: Saliva cortisol is considered to be a biomarker of depression prediction. However, saliva collection methods can affect the saliva cortisol level. Objective: This study aims to determine the ideal saliva collection method and explore the application value of saliva cortisol in depression...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/9/2220 |
| _version_ | 1797490904010850304 |
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| author | Yangyang Cui Hankun Zhang Song Wang Junzhe Lu Jinmei He Lanlan Liu Weiqiang Liu |
| author_facet | Yangyang Cui Hankun Zhang Song Wang Junzhe Lu Jinmei He Lanlan Liu Weiqiang Liu |
| author_sort | Yangyang Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Saliva cortisol is considered to be a biomarker of depression prediction. However, saliva collection methods can affect the saliva cortisol level. Objective: This study aims to determine the ideal saliva collection method and explore the application value of saliva cortisol in depression prediction. Methods: 30 depressed patients and 30 healthy controls were instructed to collect saliva samples in the morning with six collection methods. Simultaneous venous blood was collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the cortisol level. The 24-observerrated Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24) was used to assess the severity of depression. Results: The significant differences in saliva cortisol levels depend on the saliva collection methods. The level of unstimulated whole saliva cortisol was most correlated with blood (r = 0.91). The stimulated parotid saliva cortisol can better predict depression. The area under the curve was 0.89. In addition, the saliva cortisol level of the depression patients was significantly higher than the healthy controls. The correlation between the cortisol level and the HAMD-24 score was highly significant. The higher the saliva cortisol level, the higher the HAMD-24 score. Conclusions: All the above findings point to an exciting opportunity for non-invasive monitoring of cortisol through saliva. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:39:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e20d7942330841848e252995bd3d3b9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:39:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-e20d7942330841848e252995bd3d3b9a2023-11-23T15:11:09ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-09-01109222010.3390/biomedicines10092220Stimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Depression PredictionYangyang Cui0Hankun Zhang1Song Wang2Junzhe Lu3Jinmei He4Lanlan Liu5Weiqiang Liu6Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaBiomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaBiomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaBiomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaBiomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaBackground: Saliva cortisol is considered to be a biomarker of depression prediction. However, saliva collection methods can affect the saliva cortisol level. Objective: This study aims to determine the ideal saliva collection method and explore the application value of saliva cortisol in depression prediction. Methods: 30 depressed patients and 30 healthy controls were instructed to collect saliva samples in the morning with six collection methods. Simultaneous venous blood was collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the cortisol level. The 24-observerrated Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24) was used to assess the severity of depression. Results: The significant differences in saliva cortisol levels depend on the saliva collection methods. The level of unstimulated whole saliva cortisol was most correlated with blood (r = 0.91). The stimulated parotid saliva cortisol can better predict depression. The area under the curve was 0.89. In addition, the saliva cortisol level of the depression patients was significantly higher than the healthy controls. The correlation between the cortisol level and the HAMD-24 score was highly significant. The higher the saliva cortisol level, the higher the HAMD-24 score. Conclusions: All the above findings point to an exciting opportunity for non-invasive monitoring of cortisol through saliva.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/9/2220salivacortisolbiomarkerdepressionpredictionlevel |
| spellingShingle | Yangyang Cui Hankun Zhang Song Wang Junzhe Lu Jinmei He Lanlan Liu Weiqiang Liu Stimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Depression Prediction Biomedicines saliva cortisol biomarker depression prediction level |
| title | Stimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Depression Prediction |
| title_full | Stimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Depression Prediction |
| title_fullStr | Stimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Depression Prediction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Depression Prediction |
| title_short | Stimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Depression Prediction |
| title_sort | stimulated parotid saliva is a better method for depression prediction |
| topic | saliva cortisol biomarker depression prediction level |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/9/2220 |
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