Amino Acid Composition of Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers
Human breast milk (BM) amino acid (AA) composition may be impacted by lactation stage or factors related to geographical location. The present cross-sectional study is aimed at assessing the temporal changes of BMAA over lactation stages in a large cohort of urban mothers in China. Four hundred fift...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/10/606 |
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| author | Clara L. Garcia-Rodenas Michael Affolter Gerard Vinyes-Pares Carlos A. De Castro Leonidas G. Karagounis Yumei Zhang Peiyu Wang Sagar K. Thakkar |
| author_facet | Clara L. Garcia-Rodenas Michael Affolter Gerard Vinyes-Pares Carlos A. De Castro Leonidas G. Karagounis Yumei Zhang Peiyu Wang Sagar K. Thakkar |
| author_sort | Clara L. Garcia-Rodenas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human breast milk (BM) amino acid (AA) composition may be impacted by lactation stage or factors related to geographical location. The present cross-sectional study is aimed at assessing the temporal changes of BMAA over lactation stages in a large cohort of urban mothers in China. Four hundred fifty BM samples, collected in three Chinese cities covering eight months of lactation were analyzed for free (FAA) and total (TAA) AA by o-phthalaldehyde/ fluorenylmethylchloroformate (OPA/FMOC) derivatization. Concentrations and changes over lactation were aligned with previous reports. Both the sum and the individual TAA values significantly decreased during the first periods of lactation and then generally leveled off. Leucine and methionine were respectively the most and the least abundant indispensable amino acids across all the lactation stages, whereas glutamic acid + glutamine (Glx) was the most and cystine the least abundant dispensable AA. The contribution of FAA to TAA levels was less than 2%, except for free Glx, which was the most abundant FAA. In conclusion, the AA composition of the milk from our cohort of urban Chinese mothers was comparable to previous studies conducted in other parts of the world, suggesting that this is an evolutionary conserved trait largely independent of geographical, ethnic, or dietary factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:15:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e21bfc2d6f0c400bbbbffaf943ae65b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:15:15Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-e21bfc2d6f0c400bbbbffaf943ae65b82022-12-22T03:37:13ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432016-09-0181060610.3390/nu8100606nu8100606Amino Acid Composition of Breast Milk from Urban Chinese MothersClara L. Garcia-Rodenas0Michael Affolter1Gerard Vinyes-Pares2Carlos A. De Castro3Leonidas G. Karagounis4Yumei Zhang5Peiyu Wang6Sagar K. Thakkar7Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Lausanne 1000, SwitzerlandNestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Lausanne 1000, SwitzerlandNestlé Health Sciences, Nestec Ltd., Epalinges 1066, SwitzerlandNestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Lausanne 1000, SwitzerlandNestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Lausanne 1000, SwitzerlandDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Lausanne 1000, SwitzerlandHuman breast milk (BM) amino acid (AA) composition may be impacted by lactation stage or factors related to geographical location. The present cross-sectional study is aimed at assessing the temporal changes of BMAA over lactation stages in a large cohort of urban mothers in China. Four hundred fifty BM samples, collected in three Chinese cities covering eight months of lactation were analyzed for free (FAA) and total (TAA) AA by o-phthalaldehyde/ fluorenylmethylchloroformate (OPA/FMOC) derivatization. Concentrations and changes over lactation were aligned with previous reports. Both the sum and the individual TAA values significantly decreased during the first periods of lactation and then generally leveled off. Leucine and methionine were respectively the most and the least abundant indispensable amino acids across all the lactation stages, whereas glutamic acid + glutamine (Glx) was the most and cystine the least abundant dispensable AA. The contribution of FAA to TAA levels was less than 2%, except for free Glx, which was the most abundant FAA. In conclusion, the AA composition of the milk from our cohort of urban Chinese mothers was comparable to previous studies conducted in other parts of the world, suggesting that this is an evolutionary conserved trait largely independent of geographical, ethnic, or dietary factors.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/10/606breast milkamino acidslactation periodcross-sectional study |
| spellingShingle | Clara L. Garcia-Rodenas Michael Affolter Gerard Vinyes-Pares Carlos A. De Castro Leonidas G. Karagounis Yumei Zhang Peiyu Wang Sagar K. Thakkar Amino Acid Composition of Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers Nutrients breast milk amino acids lactation period cross-sectional study |
| title | Amino Acid Composition of Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers |
| title_full | Amino Acid Composition of Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers |
| title_fullStr | Amino Acid Composition of Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Amino Acid Composition of Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers |
| title_short | Amino Acid Composition of Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers |
| title_sort | amino acid composition of breast milk from urban chinese mothers |
| topic | breast milk amino acids lactation period cross-sectional study |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/10/606 |
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