Coinfection with Leprosy and Tuberculosis: A Case Series in Malagasy Patients
Mendrika Fifaliana Rakotoarisaona,1,* Tsiory Iarintsoa Razafimaharo,2,* Fandresena Arilala Sendrasoa,2,* Malalaniaina Andrianarison,1,* Naina Harinjara Razanakoto,3,* Volatantely Tobiniaina Ratovonjanahary,2,* Onivola Raharolahy,2,* Irina Mamis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2024-04-01
|
| Series: | Infection and Drug Resistance |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/coinfection-with-leprosy-and-tuberculosis-a-case-series-in-malagasy-pa-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
| _version_ | 1797204290047049728 |
|---|---|
| author | Rakotoarisaona MF Razafimaharo TI Sendrasoa FA Andrianarison M Razanakoto NH Ratovonjanahary VT Raharolahy O Ranaivo IM Ramarozatovo LS Rapelanoro Rabenja F |
| author_facet | Rakotoarisaona MF Razafimaharo TI Sendrasoa FA Andrianarison M Razanakoto NH Ratovonjanahary VT Raharolahy O Ranaivo IM Ramarozatovo LS Rapelanoro Rabenja F |
| author_sort | Rakotoarisaona MF |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mendrika Fifaliana Rakotoarisaona,1,* Tsiory Iarintsoa Razafimaharo,2,* Fandresena Arilala Sendrasoa,2,* Malalaniaina Andrianarison,1,* Naina Harinjara Razanakoto,3,* Volatantely Tobiniaina Ratovonjanahary,2,* Onivola Raharolahy,2,* Irina Mamisoa Ranaivo,4 Lala Soavina Ramarozatovo,1 Fahafahantsoa Rapelanoro Rabenja1 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Analakely, Antananarivo, Madagascar; 2Department of Dermatology, University of Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar; 3Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Mahavoky Antsimo, Mahajanga, Madagascar; 4Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Morafeno, Tamatavy, Madagascar*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mendrika Fifaliana Rakotoarisaona, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Analakely, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar, Tel +261 34 61 947 34, Email lulubslj@gmail.comBackground: Leprosy and tuberculosis are two of the oldest and most common mycobacterial infections, caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacteium lepramatosis for leprosy and Mycobacterium tuberculosis for tuberculosis. Dual infections have been known since ancient times; however, cases remain rarely reported in the literature, even in countries where both diseases are endemic, such as Madagascar.Purpose: We report a case series of simultaneous occurrence of leprosy and tuberculosis.Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with leprosy registered at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar, between January 2012 and June 2021. Patients with leprosy and diagnosed as coinfected by tuberculosis were included in the study.Results: Of the 120 leprosy cases observed during the study period, coinfection with leprosy and tuberculosis was found in five patients. The mean age was 43.4 (SD 13.2) ranging, 21– 59 years. Male gender was predominant (4/5). Four patients presented with lepromatous leprosy, and one with borderline lepromatous leprosy. Three patients experienced leprosy reaction. Four cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and one case of multifocal tuberculosis were observed. The diagnosis of leprosy preceded tuberculosis in four cases, and a coinfection diagnosis was made simultaneously in one case. The average time to develop tuberculosis was 38.8 (SD 10.2) months. HIV infection, malnutrition, alcohol consumption, and long-term corticosteroid therapy were the immunosuppressive factors reported in our patients. Three patients received concomitant multidrug therapy for leprosy and tuberculosis.Conclusion: Dermatologists should be aware of the importance of screening patients affected by leprosy for latent or active tuberculosis to prevent morbidity and mortality due to coinfection and to reduce the risk of acquired resistance to rifampicin, which is the greatest risk of this association.Keywords: Madagascar, Mycobacterium leprae, rifampicin |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:32:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e22219df29c84e5185d1be855fd15dd8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-6973 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:32:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infection and Drug Resistance |
| spelling | doaj.art-e22219df29c84e5185d1be855fd15dd82024-04-16T18:59:54ZengDove Medical PressInfection and Drug Resistance1178-69732024-04-01Volume 171507151391970Coinfection with Leprosy and Tuberculosis: A Case Series in Malagasy PatientsRakotoarisaona MFRazafimaharo TISendrasoa FAAndrianarison MRazanakoto NHRatovonjanahary VTRaharolahy ORanaivo IMRamarozatovo LSRapelanoro Rabenja FMendrika Fifaliana Rakotoarisaona,1,* Tsiory Iarintsoa Razafimaharo,2,* Fandresena Arilala Sendrasoa,2,* Malalaniaina Andrianarison,1,* Naina Harinjara Razanakoto,3,* Volatantely Tobiniaina Ratovonjanahary,2,* Onivola Raharolahy,2,* Irina Mamisoa Ranaivo,4 Lala Soavina Ramarozatovo,1 Fahafahantsoa Rapelanoro Rabenja1 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Analakely, Antananarivo, Madagascar; 2Department of Dermatology, University of Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar; 3Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Mahavoky Antsimo, Mahajanga, Madagascar; 4Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Morafeno, Tamatavy, Madagascar*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mendrika Fifaliana Rakotoarisaona, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Analakely, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar, Tel +261 34 61 947 34, Email lulubslj@gmail.comBackground: Leprosy and tuberculosis are two of the oldest and most common mycobacterial infections, caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacteium lepramatosis for leprosy and Mycobacterium tuberculosis for tuberculosis. Dual infections have been known since ancient times; however, cases remain rarely reported in the literature, even in countries where both diseases are endemic, such as Madagascar.Purpose: We report a case series of simultaneous occurrence of leprosy and tuberculosis.Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with leprosy registered at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar, between January 2012 and June 2021. Patients with leprosy and diagnosed as coinfected by tuberculosis were included in the study.Results: Of the 120 leprosy cases observed during the study period, coinfection with leprosy and tuberculosis was found in five patients. The mean age was 43.4 (SD 13.2) ranging, 21– 59 years. Male gender was predominant (4/5). Four patients presented with lepromatous leprosy, and one with borderline lepromatous leprosy. Three patients experienced leprosy reaction. Four cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and one case of multifocal tuberculosis were observed. The diagnosis of leprosy preceded tuberculosis in four cases, and a coinfection diagnosis was made simultaneously in one case. The average time to develop tuberculosis was 38.8 (SD 10.2) months. HIV infection, malnutrition, alcohol consumption, and long-term corticosteroid therapy were the immunosuppressive factors reported in our patients. Three patients received concomitant multidrug therapy for leprosy and tuberculosis.Conclusion: Dermatologists should be aware of the importance of screening patients affected by leprosy for latent or active tuberculosis to prevent morbidity and mortality due to coinfection and to reduce the risk of acquired resistance to rifampicin, which is the greatest risk of this association.Keywords: Madagascar, Mycobacterium leprae, rifampicinhttps://www.dovepress.com/coinfection-with-leprosy-and-tuberculosis-a-case-series-in-malagasy-pa-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDRmadagascar. mycobacterium leprae. rifampicin. |
| spellingShingle | Rakotoarisaona MF Razafimaharo TI Sendrasoa FA Andrianarison M Razanakoto NH Ratovonjanahary VT Raharolahy O Ranaivo IM Ramarozatovo LS Rapelanoro Rabenja F Coinfection with Leprosy and Tuberculosis: A Case Series in Malagasy Patients Infection and Drug Resistance madagascar. mycobacterium leprae. rifampicin. |
| title | Coinfection with Leprosy and Tuberculosis: A Case Series in Malagasy Patients |
| title_full | Coinfection with Leprosy and Tuberculosis: A Case Series in Malagasy Patients |
| title_fullStr | Coinfection with Leprosy and Tuberculosis: A Case Series in Malagasy Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coinfection with Leprosy and Tuberculosis: A Case Series in Malagasy Patients |
| title_short | Coinfection with Leprosy and Tuberculosis: A Case Series in Malagasy Patients |
| title_sort | coinfection with leprosy and tuberculosis a case series in malagasy patients |
| topic | madagascar. mycobacterium leprae. rifampicin. |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/coinfection-with-leprosy-and-tuberculosis-a-case-series-in-malagasy-pa-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rakotoarisaonamf coinfectionwithleprosyandtuberculosisacaseseriesinmalagasypatients AT razafimaharoti coinfectionwithleprosyandtuberculosisacaseseriesinmalagasypatients AT sendrasoafa coinfectionwithleprosyandtuberculosisacaseseriesinmalagasypatients AT andrianarisonm coinfectionwithleprosyandtuberculosisacaseseriesinmalagasypatients AT razanakotonh coinfectionwithleprosyandtuberculosisacaseseriesinmalagasypatients AT ratovonjanaharyvt coinfectionwithleprosyandtuberculosisacaseseriesinmalagasypatients AT raharolahyo coinfectionwithleprosyandtuberculosisacaseseriesinmalagasypatients AT ranaivoim coinfectionwithleprosyandtuberculosisacaseseriesinmalagasypatients AT ramarozatovols coinfectionwithleprosyandtuberculosisacaseseriesinmalagasypatients AT rapelanororabenjaf coinfectionwithleprosyandtuberculosisacaseseriesinmalagasypatients |