Growth and Morphological Patterns of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) Juveniles in Response to Light Intensities
(1) Background: The growth and morphology of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) juveniles were observed under different light conditions due to overstory canopy openness. The aim was to investigate the photo-morphological responses of juveniles for the development of a desira...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/11/1804 |
| _version_ | 1797468263999864832 |
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| author | Pavel Bednář Jiří Souček Jan Krejza Jakub Černý |
| author_facet | Pavel Bednář Jiří Souček Jan Krejza Jakub Černý |
| author_sort | Pavel Bednář |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: The growth and morphology of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) juveniles were observed under different light conditions due to overstory canopy openness. The aim was to investigate the photo-morphological responses of juveniles for the development of a desirable forest structure. The research was located in a higher altitude zone in central Europe. (2) Methods: Light was estimated using hemispherical photographs. Eight different parameters of natural regeneration were measured on individuals within 1 × 1 m around each point on a 3 × 3 m grid. A total of 1214 sapling measurements (from 10 to 431 cm in height) were taken. (3) Results: Light affected the growth and morphological development of juveniles, resulting in variation in the lateral crown growth and crown length. Acclimations manifested as trade-offs between height and lateral crown growth. Similar shifts were found within relative height growth (the terminal length to the total height) and apical dominance ratio (the terminal length to the branch length). The crown length was proven to be highly capable to acclimation. Light influenced the density weakly, however, when a regeneration index (density × median height) was considered, significant relations with light conditions were discovered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:04:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e225f88dbd694482ad0511d9cbd2d409 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:04:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-e225f88dbd694482ad0511d9cbd2d4092023-11-24T04:43:29ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-10-011311180410.3390/f13111804Growth and Morphological Patterns of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) Juveniles in Response to Light IntensitiesPavel Bednář0Jiří Souček1Jan Krejza2Jakub Černý3Research Station of Silviculture in Opočno, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Na Olivě 550, 517 73 Opočno, Czech RepublicResearch Station of Silviculture in Opočno, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Na Olivě 550, 517 73 Opočno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech RepublicResearch Station of Silviculture in Opočno, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Na Olivě 550, 517 73 Opočno, Czech Republic(1) Background: The growth and morphology of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) juveniles were observed under different light conditions due to overstory canopy openness. The aim was to investigate the photo-morphological responses of juveniles for the development of a desirable forest structure. The research was located in a higher altitude zone in central Europe. (2) Methods: Light was estimated using hemispherical photographs. Eight different parameters of natural regeneration were measured on individuals within 1 × 1 m around each point on a 3 × 3 m grid. A total of 1214 sapling measurements (from 10 to 431 cm in height) were taken. (3) Results: Light affected the growth and morphological development of juveniles, resulting in variation in the lateral crown growth and crown length. Acclimations manifested as trade-offs between height and lateral crown growth. Similar shifts were found within relative height growth (the terminal length to the total height) and apical dominance ratio (the terminal length to the branch length). The crown length was proven to be highly capable to acclimation. Light influenced the density weakly, however, when a regeneration index (density × median height) was considered, significant relations with light conditions were discovered.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/11/1804Norway sprucephoto-morphological plasticitylight intensitiesconifer juvenilesnatural regenerationgrowth acclimation |
| spellingShingle | Pavel Bednář Jiří Souček Jan Krejza Jakub Černý Growth and Morphological Patterns of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) Juveniles in Response to Light Intensities Forests Norway spruce photo-morphological plasticity light intensities conifer juveniles natural regeneration growth acclimation |
| title | Growth and Morphological Patterns of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) Juveniles in Response to Light Intensities |
| title_full | Growth and Morphological Patterns of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) Juveniles in Response to Light Intensities |
| title_fullStr | Growth and Morphological Patterns of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) Juveniles in Response to Light Intensities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Growth and Morphological Patterns of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) Juveniles in Response to Light Intensities |
| title_short | Growth and Morphological Patterns of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) Juveniles in Response to Light Intensities |
| title_sort | growth and morphological patterns of norway spruce i picea abies i l karst juveniles in response to light intensities |
| topic | Norway spruce photo-morphological plasticity light intensities conifer juveniles natural regeneration growth acclimation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/11/1804 |
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