Comparison of serological assays for detecting antibodies in ducks exposed to H5 subtype avian influenza virus
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chicken red blood cells (RBCs) are commonly used in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests to measure hemagglutinating antibodies against influenza viruses. The use of horse RBCs in the HI test can reportedly increase its sensitivity...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/117 |
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| author | Wibawa Hendra Henning Joerg Waluyati Dessie Eri Usman Tri Bhakti Lowther Sue Bingham John Junaidi Akhmad Meers Joanne |
| author_facet | Wibawa Hendra Henning Joerg Waluyati Dessie Eri Usman Tri Bhakti Lowther Sue Bingham John Junaidi Akhmad Meers Joanne |
| author_sort | Wibawa Hendra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chicken red blood cells (RBCs) are commonly used in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests to measure hemagglutinating antibodies against influenza viruses. The use of horse RBCs in the HI test can reportedly increase its sensitivity when testing human sera for avian influenza antibodies. This study aims to compare the proportion of positives detected and the agreement between two HI tests using either chicken or horse red blood cells for antibody detection in sera of ducks experimentally infected or naturally exposed to Indonesian H5 subtype avian influenza virus. In addition, comparison with a virus neutralisation (VN) test was conducted with the experimental sera.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the experimental study, the proportion of HI antibody-positive ducks increased slightly, from 0.57 when using chicken RBCs to 0.60 when using horse RBCs. The HI tests indicated almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.86) when results were dichotomised (titre ≥ 4 log2), and substantial agreement (weighted kappa = 0.80) for log titres. Overall agreements between the two HI tests were greater than between either of the HI tests and the VN test. The use of horse RBCs also identified a higher proportion of antibody positives in field duck sera (0.08, compared to chicken RBCs 0.02), with also almost perfect agreements for dichotomized results (Prevalence and bias adjusted Kappa (PABAK) = 0.88) and for log titres (weighted PABAK = 0.93), respectively. Factors that might explain observed differences in the proportion of antibody-positive ducks and in the agreements between HI tests are discussed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In conclusion, we identified a good agreement between HI tests. However, when horse RBCs were used, a higher proportion of sera was positive (titre ≥ 4 log2) than using chicken RBCs, especially during the early response against H5N1 virus. The HRBC-HI might be more responsive in identifying early H5N1 HPAI serological response and could be a recommended assay for avian influenza sero-surveillance in both wild and domestic birds.</p> |
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| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T02:18:32Z |
| publishDate | 2012-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e22f3338263143e986df39d3e05ec0fb2022-12-21T20:40:19ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482012-07-018111710.1186/1746-6148-8-117Comparison of serological assays for detecting antibodies in ducks exposed to H5 subtype avian influenza virusWibawa HendraHenning JoergWaluyati Dessie EriUsman Tri BhaktiLowther SueBingham JohnJunaidi AkhmadMeers Joanne<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chicken red blood cells (RBCs) are commonly used in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests to measure hemagglutinating antibodies against influenza viruses. The use of horse RBCs in the HI test can reportedly increase its sensitivity when testing human sera for avian influenza antibodies. This study aims to compare the proportion of positives detected and the agreement between two HI tests using either chicken or horse red blood cells for antibody detection in sera of ducks experimentally infected or naturally exposed to Indonesian H5 subtype avian influenza virus. In addition, comparison with a virus neutralisation (VN) test was conducted with the experimental sera.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the experimental study, the proportion of HI antibody-positive ducks increased slightly, from 0.57 when using chicken RBCs to 0.60 when using horse RBCs. The HI tests indicated almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.86) when results were dichotomised (titre ≥ 4 log2), and substantial agreement (weighted kappa = 0.80) for log titres. Overall agreements between the two HI tests were greater than between either of the HI tests and the VN test. The use of horse RBCs also identified a higher proportion of antibody positives in field duck sera (0.08, compared to chicken RBCs 0.02), with also almost perfect agreements for dichotomized results (Prevalence and bias adjusted Kappa (PABAK) = 0.88) and for log titres (weighted PABAK = 0.93), respectively. Factors that might explain observed differences in the proportion of antibody-positive ducks and in the agreements between HI tests are discussed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In conclusion, we identified a good agreement between HI tests. However, when horse RBCs were used, a higher proportion of sera was positive (titre ≥ 4 log2) than using chicken RBCs, especially during the early response against H5N1 virus. The HRBC-HI might be more responsive in identifying early H5N1 HPAI serological response and could be a recommended assay for avian influenza sero-surveillance in both wild and domestic birds.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/117Avian influenzaH5N1Hemagglutination inhibition testVirus neutralization testHorse red blood cellsDuckKappa |
| spellingShingle | Wibawa Hendra Henning Joerg Waluyati Dessie Eri Usman Tri Bhakti Lowther Sue Bingham John Junaidi Akhmad Meers Joanne Comparison of serological assays for detecting antibodies in ducks exposed to H5 subtype avian influenza virus BMC Veterinary Research Avian influenza H5N1 Hemagglutination inhibition test Virus neutralization test Horse red blood cells Duck Kappa |
| title | Comparison of serological assays for detecting antibodies in ducks exposed to H5 subtype avian influenza virus |
| title_full | Comparison of serological assays for detecting antibodies in ducks exposed to H5 subtype avian influenza virus |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of serological assays for detecting antibodies in ducks exposed to H5 subtype avian influenza virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of serological assays for detecting antibodies in ducks exposed to H5 subtype avian influenza virus |
| title_short | Comparison of serological assays for detecting antibodies in ducks exposed to H5 subtype avian influenza virus |
| title_sort | comparison of serological assays for detecting antibodies in ducks exposed to h5 subtype avian influenza virus |
| topic | Avian influenza H5N1 Hemagglutination inhibition test Virus neutralization test Horse red blood cells Duck Kappa |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/117 |
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