Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and Review
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) such as dichlorodimethyltrichloroethane (DDT) are present and ubiquitous in the environment due to their resilient nature. DDT is a prevalent endocrine disruptor still found in detectable amounts in organisms and the environment even after its use was banned in t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/9/725 |
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| author | Shermeen Syed Shandana Qasim Maheen Ejaz Sammar Nimra Khan Haider Ali Himasadat Zaker Eleftheria Hatzidaki Charalampos Mamoulakis Aristidis Tsatsakis Syed Tahir Abbas Shah Saira Amir |
| author_facet | Shermeen Syed Shandana Qasim Maheen Ejaz Sammar Nimra Khan Haider Ali Himasadat Zaker Eleftheria Hatzidaki Charalampos Mamoulakis Aristidis Tsatsakis Syed Tahir Abbas Shah Saira Amir |
| author_sort | Shermeen Syed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) such as dichlorodimethyltrichloroethane (DDT) are present and ubiquitous in the environment due to their resilient nature. DDT is a prevalent endocrine disruptor still found in detectable amounts in organisms and the environment even after its use was banned in the 1970s. Medline and Google Scholar were systematically searched to detect all relevant animal and human studies published in the last 20 years (January 2003 to February 2023) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In total, 38 studies were included for qualitative synthesis. This systematic search and review indicated that exposure to DDT is associated with female reproductive health issues, such as reduced fecundability; increased risk of preterm/premature deliveries; increased periods of gestation; alterations in the synthesis of crucial reproductive hormones (Progesterone and Oxytocin) through ion imbalances and changes in prostaglandin synthesis, myometrial and stromal hypertrophy, and edema; and variations in uterine contractions through increased uterine wet weight. There was also limited evidence indicating DDT as a carcinogen sufficient to instigate reproductive cancers. However, this review only takes into account the in vitro studies that have established a possible pathway to understand how DDT impacts female infertility and leads to reproductive cancers. Links between the pathways described in various studies have been developed in this review to produce a summarized picture of how one event might lead to another. Additionally, epidemiological studies that specifically targeted the exposure to DDT of females belonging to various ethnicities have been reviewed to develop an overall picture of prevailing female reproductive health concerns in different nations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:54:04Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e2336c460b4b453bb0bd84aef6b1af4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:54:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e2336c460b4b453bb0bd84aef6b1af4d2023-11-19T13:14:17ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-08-0111972510.3390/toxics11090725Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and ReviewShermeen Syed0Shandana Qasim1Maheen Ejaz2Sammar3Nimra Khan4Haider Ali5Himasadat Zaker6Eleftheria Hatzidaki7Charalampos Mamoulakis8Aristidis Tsatsakis9Syed Tahir Abbas Shah10Saira Amir11Functional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanFunctional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanFunctional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanFunctional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanFunctional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanCerebral Venous Disorder Lab, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USAHistology and Microscopic Analysis Division, RASTA Specialized Research Institute (RSRI), West Azerbaijan Science and Technology Park (WASTP), Urmia 5756115322, IranDepartment of Neonatology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, GreeceDepartment of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, GreeceToxicology Lab, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, GreeceFunctional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanFunctional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanPersistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) such as dichlorodimethyltrichloroethane (DDT) are present and ubiquitous in the environment due to their resilient nature. DDT is a prevalent endocrine disruptor still found in detectable amounts in organisms and the environment even after its use was banned in the 1970s. Medline and Google Scholar were systematically searched to detect all relevant animal and human studies published in the last 20 years (January 2003 to February 2023) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In total, 38 studies were included for qualitative synthesis. This systematic search and review indicated that exposure to DDT is associated with female reproductive health issues, such as reduced fecundability; increased risk of preterm/premature deliveries; increased periods of gestation; alterations in the synthesis of crucial reproductive hormones (Progesterone and Oxytocin) through ion imbalances and changes in prostaglandin synthesis, myometrial and stromal hypertrophy, and edema; and variations in uterine contractions through increased uterine wet weight. There was also limited evidence indicating DDT as a carcinogen sufficient to instigate reproductive cancers. However, this review only takes into account the in vitro studies that have established a possible pathway to understand how DDT impacts female infertility and leads to reproductive cancers. Links between the pathways described in various studies have been developed in this review to produce a summarized picture of how one event might lead to another. Additionally, epidemiological studies that specifically targeted the exposure to DDT of females belonging to various ethnicities have been reviewed to develop an overall picture of prevailing female reproductive health concerns in different nations.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/9/725dichlorodimethyltrichloroethaneendocrine disruptorsfemaleinfertilityneoplasmsPersistent Organic Pollutants |
| spellingShingle | Shermeen Syed Shandana Qasim Maheen Ejaz Sammar Nimra Khan Haider Ali Himasadat Zaker Eleftheria Hatzidaki Charalampos Mamoulakis Aristidis Tsatsakis Syed Tahir Abbas Shah Saira Amir Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and Review Toxics dichlorodimethyltrichloroethane endocrine disruptors female infertility neoplasms Persistent Organic Pollutants |
| title | Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and Review |
| title_full | Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and Review |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and Review |
| title_short | Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and Review |
| title_sort | effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the female reproductive tract leading to infertility and cancer systematic search and review |
| topic | dichlorodimethyltrichloroethane endocrine disruptors female infertility neoplasms Persistent Organic Pollutants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/9/725 |
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