Sub-chronic ecotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in artificial soil: Oxidative stress and DNA damage
As a flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is commonly added to various daily products. Due to its easy diffusion, TPHP pollution has become a global concern. Despite the wide focus on environmental risk, the sub-chronic ecotoxicity of TPHP in soil organisms remains unclear. In this study, the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322006364 |
| _version_ | 1818518222895316992 |
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| author | Mengdi Zhang Jianing Chen Yanqiang Li Guangde Li Zhongwen Zhang |
| author_facet | Mengdi Zhang Jianing Chen Yanqiang Li Guangde Li Zhongwen Zhang |
| author_sort | Mengdi Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is commonly added to various daily products. Due to its easy diffusion, TPHP pollution has become a global concern. Despite the wide focus on environmental risk, the sub-chronic ecotoxicity of TPHP in soil organisms remains unclear. In this study, the artificial soil exposure method was used to analyze the oxidative stress and DNA damage in earthworms with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg TPHP treatments through the response of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and olive tail moment (OTM) at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Throughout the experimental period, the results showed that the ROS content in earthworms treated with 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg TPHP treatments increased by 9.43–18.37 %, 6.07–25.73 %, 7.71–42.61 % and 8.22–46.70 %, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes in earthworms with all TPHP treatments were significantly activated after exposure for 7 and 14 days, and then inhibited at 21 and 28 days. Despite the protection of antioxidant enzymes and detoxification enzymes, MDA content in earthworms with the 20 mg/kg treatment still significantly increased at 7 and 14 days of exposure, as well as in the other three treatments. Compared to the control treatment, the obviously higher OTM values in earthworms with TPHP treatments possibly indicated a genotoxicity of TPHP in earthworms. Furthermore, the integrated biomarker response index (IBRv2) revealed that earthworms showed an obvious biochemical response TPHP-contaminated soil, which was strongly correlated with TPHP concentrations and exposure time. This study provides insights into the TPHP hazard in the soil environment and offers a reference to assess its environmental risk to soil ecosystems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:07:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e234d43a888e4a5fb9fb89617287f7ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:07:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-e234d43a888e4a5fb9fb89617287f7ea2022-12-22T01:26:09ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132022-08-01241113796Sub-chronic ecotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in artificial soil: Oxidative stress and DNA damageMengdi Zhang0Jianing Chen1Yanqiang Li2Guangde Li3Zhongwen Zhang4College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China; Corresponding authors.College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China; Corresponding authors.Weifang Environmental Science Research & Design Institute, Weifang, Shandong 26104, ChinaAs a flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is commonly added to various daily products. Due to its easy diffusion, TPHP pollution has become a global concern. Despite the wide focus on environmental risk, the sub-chronic ecotoxicity of TPHP in soil organisms remains unclear. In this study, the artificial soil exposure method was used to analyze the oxidative stress and DNA damage in earthworms with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg TPHP treatments through the response of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and olive tail moment (OTM) at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Throughout the experimental period, the results showed that the ROS content in earthworms treated with 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg TPHP treatments increased by 9.43–18.37 %, 6.07–25.73 %, 7.71–42.61 % and 8.22–46.70 %, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes in earthworms with all TPHP treatments were significantly activated after exposure for 7 and 14 days, and then inhibited at 21 and 28 days. Despite the protection of antioxidant enzymes and detoxification enzymes, MDA content in earthworms with the 20 mg/kg treatment still significantly increased at 7 and 14 days of exposure, as well as in the other three treatments. Compared to the control treatment, the obviously higher OTM values in earthworms with TPHP treatments possibly indicated a genotoxicity of TPHP in earthworms. Furthermore, the integrated biomarker response index (IBRv2) revealed that earthworms showed an obvious biochemical response TPHP-contaminated soil, which was strongly correlated with TPHP concentrations and exposure time. This study provides insights into the TPHP hazard in the soil environment and offers a reference to assess its environmental risk to soil ecosystems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322006364Organophosphate esterFlame retardantTPHPSoil invertebrateIBRv2 |
| spellingShingle | Mengdi Zhang Jianing Chen Yanqiang Li Guangde Li Zhongwen Zhang Sub-chronic ecotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in artificial soil: Oxidative stress and DNA damage Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Organophosphate ester Flame retardant TPHP Soil invertebrate IBRv2 |
| title | Sub-chronic ecotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in artificial soil: Oxidative stress and DNA damage |
| title_full | Sub-chronic ecotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in artificial soil: Oxidative stress and DNA damage |
| title_fullStr | Sub-chronic ecotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in artificial soil: Oxidative stress and DNA damage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sub-chronic ecotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in artificial soil: Oxidative stress and DNA damage |
| title_short | Sub-chronic ecotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in artificial soil: Oxidative stress and DNA damage |
| title_sort | sub chronic ecotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate to earthworms eisenia fetida in artificial soil oxidative stress and dna damage |
| topic | Organophosphate ester Flame retardant TPHP Soil invertebrate IBRv2 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322006364 |
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