Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies
In 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused a worldwide pandemic, affecting more than 630 million individuals and causing 6.5 million deaths. In the general population, poorer outcomes have been associated with older age, chronic lung and cardiovascular diseases, and lymphopenia, highlighting...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/109 |
| _version_ | 1797438013090824192 |
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| author | Tomas Milota Jitka Smetanova Jirina Bartunkova |
| author_facet | Tomas Milota Jitka Smetanova Jirina Bartunkova |
| author_sort | Tomas Milota |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused a worldwide pandemic, affecting more than 630 million individuals and causing 6.5 million deaths. In the general population, poorer outcomes have been associated with older age, chronic lung and cardiovascular diseases, and lymphopenia, highlighting the important role of cellular immunity in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 variants may have a significant impact on disease severity. There is a significant overlap with complications commonly found in inborn errors of immunity (IEI), such as primary antibody deficiencies. The results of various studies have provided ambiguous findings. Several studies identified risk factors in the general population with a minor impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, other studies have found a significant contribution of underlying immunodeficiency and immune-system dysregulation to the disease course. This ambiguity probably reflects the demographic differences and viral evolution. Impaired antibody production was associated with prolonged viral shedding, suggesting a critical role of humoral immunity in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. This may explain the poorer outcomes in primary antibody deficiencies compared to other IEIs. Understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and identifying risk factors may help us identify patients at high risk of severe COVID-19 for whom preventive measures should be introduced. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:29:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e235d057225545488fb411c64cce1700 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:29:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-e235d057225545488fb411c64cce17002023-11-30T23:53:50ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-01-0112110910.3390/pathogens12010109Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Primary Antibody DeficienciesTomas Milota0Jitka Smetanova1Jirina Bartunkova2Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 15006 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 15006 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 15006 Prague, Czech RepublicIn 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused a worldwide pandemic, affecting more than 630 million individuals and causing 6.5 million deaths. In the general population, poorer outcomes have been associated with older age, chronic lung and cardiovascular diseases, and lymphopenia, highlighting the important role of cellular immunity in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 variants may have a significant impact on disease severity. There is a significant overlap with complications commonly found in inborn errors of immunity (IEI), such as primary antibody deficiencies. The results of various studies have provided ambiguous findings. Several studies identified risk factors in the general population with a minor impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, other studies have found a significant contribution of underlying immunodeficiency and immune-system dysregulation to the disease course. This ambiguity probably reflects the demographic differences and viral evolution. Impaired antibody production was associated with prolonged viral shedding, suggesting a critical role of humoral immunity in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. This may explain the poorer outcomes in primary antibody deficiencies compared to other IEIs. Understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and identifying risk factors may help us identify patients at high risk of severe COVID-19 for whom preventive measures should be introduced.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/109COVID-19SARS-CoV-2primary antibody deficiency |
| spellingShingle | Tomas Milota Jitka Smetanova Jirina Bartunkova Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies Pathogens COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 primary antibody deficiency |
| title | Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies |
| title_full | Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies |
| title_fullStr | Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies |
| title_short | Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies |
| title_sort | clinical outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with primary antibody deficiencies |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 primary antibody deficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/109 |
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