Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: <i>El Niño</i> of 2023
The <i>El Niño</i> represents a substantial threat to pastures, affecting the availability of water, forage and compromising the sustainability of grazing areas, especially in the northern region of Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the thermographic prof...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| author | Welligton Conceição da Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa Kedson Alessandri Lobo Neves Cláudio Vieira de Araújo Leonel António Joaquim Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues Tatiane Silva Belo Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo-Júnior José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior |
| author_facet | Welligton Conceição da Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa Kedson Alessandri Lobo Neves Cláudio Vieira de Araújo Leonel António Joaquim Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues Tatiane Silva Belo Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo-Júnior José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior |
| author_sort | Welligton Conceição da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The <i>El Niño</i> represents a substantial threat to pastures, affecting the availability of water, forage and compromising the sustainability of grazing areas, especially in the northern region of Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the thermographic profile of three production systems in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The study was conducted on a rural cattle farm in Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, between August and November 2023. The experiment involved livestock production systems, including traditional, silvopastoral and integrated, with different conditions of shade and access to the bathing area. An infrared thermographic (IRT) camera was used, recording temperatures in different zones, such as areas with trees, pastures with forage and exposed pastures. The highest mean temperatures (<i>p</i> = 0.02) were observed in pastures with full sun from August to November. On the other hand, the lowest average temperatures were recorded in areas shaded by chestnut trees (<i>Bertholletia excelsa</i>). The highest temperature ranges were found in sunny areas and the lowest were recorded in shaded areas. The highest temperatures were observed in the pasture in full sun, while the lowest were recorded in areas shaded by chestnut trees (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The interaction between the systems and treatments revealed significant temperature differences (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), with the native trees showing an average temperature of 35.9 °C, lower than the grasses and soil, which reached 61.2 °C. This research concludes that, under <i>El Niño</i> in the Eastern Amazon, areas shaded by Brazil nut trees had lower temperatures, demonstrating the effectiveness of shade. Native trees, compared to grasses and soil, showed the ability to create cooler environments, highlighting the positive influence on different species such as sheep, goats and cattle. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:38:14Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e23e8f41a6f4428599147c4a320c8521 |
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| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:38:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-e23e8f41a6f4428599147c4a320c85212024-03-27T13:17:40ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-03-0114685510.3390/ani14060855Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: <i>El Niño</i> of 2023Welligton Conceição da Silva0Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva1Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano2Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva3Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa4Kedson Alessandri Lobo Neves5Cláudio Vieira de Araújo6Leonel António Joaquim7Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues8Tatiane Silva Belo9Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo-Júnior10José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior11Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, PA, BrazilInstitute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belem 66077-580, PA, BrazilEmbrapa Eastern Amazon, Santarem 68010-180, PA, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, PA, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, PA, BrazilInstitute of Animal Science, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarem 68040-255, PA, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop 78550-728, MT, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, PA, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, PA, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, PA, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, PA, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, PA, BrazilThe <i>El Niño</i> represents a substantial threat to pastures, affecting the availability of water, forage and compromising the sustainability of grazing areas, especially in the northern region of Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the thermographic profile of three production systems in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The study was conducted on a rural cattle farm in Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, between August and November 2023. The experiment involved livestock production systems, including traditional, silvopastoral and integrated, with different conditions of shade and access to the bathing area. An infrared thermographic (IRT) camera was used, recording temperatures in different zones, such as areas with trees, pastures with forage and exposed pastures. The highest mean temperatures (<i>p</i> = 0.02) were observed in pastures with full sun from August to November. On the other hand, the lowest average temperatures were recorded in areas shaded by chestnut trees (<i>Bertholletia excelsa</i>). The highest temperature ranges were found in sunny areas and the lowest were recorded in shaded areas. The highest temperatures were observed in the pasture in full sun, while the lowest were recorded in areas shaded by chestnut trees (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The interaction between the systems and treatments revealed significant temperature differences (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), with the native trees showing an average temperature of 35.9 °C, lower than the grasses and soil, which reached 61.2 °C. This research concludes that, under <i>El Niño</i> in the Eastern Amazon, areas shaded by Brazil nut trees had lower temperatures, demonstrating the effectiveness of shade. Native trees, compared to grasses and soil, showed the ability to create cooler environments, highlighting the positive influence on different species such as sheep, goats and cattle.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/6/855grazing areasthermal imagesshade coverEastern Amazon region |
| spellingShingle | Welligton Conceição da Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa Kedson Alessandri Lobo Neves Cláudio Vieira de Araújo Leonel António Joaquim Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues Tatiane Silva Belo Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo-Júnior José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: <i>El Niño</i> of 2023 Animals grazing areas thermal images shade cover Eastern Amazon region |
| title | Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: <i>El Niño</i> of 2023 |
| title_full | Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: <i>El Niño</i> of 2023 |
| title_fullStr | Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: <i>El Niño</i> of 2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: <i>El Niño</i> of 2023 |
| title_short | Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: <i>El Niño</i> of 2023 |
| title_sort | thermographic profiles in livestock systems under full sun and shaded pastures during an extreme climate event in the eastern amazon brazil i el nino i of 2023 |
| topic | grazing areas thermal images shade cover Eastern Amazon region |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/6/855 |
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