The Generation of ULF/ELF/VLF Waves in the Ionosphere by Modulated Heating
One of the most important effects of ionospheric modification by high power, high frequency (HF) waves is the generation of ultra low frequency/extremely low frequency/very low frequency (ULF/ELF/VLF) waves by modulated heating. This paper reviews the scientific achievements of the past five decades...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Universe |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/2/29 |
| _version_ | 1797405865810067456 |
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| author | Zhe Guo Hanxian Fang Farideh Honary |
| author_facet | Zhe Guo Hanxian Fang Farideh Honary |
| author_sort | Zhe Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the most important effects of ionospheric modification by high power, high frequency (HF) waves is the generation of ultra low frequency/extremely low frequency/very low frequency (ULF/ELF/VLF) waves by modulated heating. This paper reviews the scientific achievements of the past five decades regarding the main mechanisms of excitation of ULF/ELF/VLF waves and discusses their characteristics, such as their electrojet dependency, the location of the source region, continuous and discontinuous waves, the number of HF arrays, and the suitable range of the modulation frequency for different proposed mechanisms. Finally, the outlook for future research in this area is presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:16:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e241f86b87374fd2bb822ea6d2a1718b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:16:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj.art-e241f86b87374fd2bb822ea6d2a1718b2023-12-03T15:19:08ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972021-01-01722910.3390/universe7020029The Generation of ULF/ELF/VLF Waves in the Ionosphere by Modulated HeatingZhe Guo0Hanxian Fang1Farideh Honary2College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UKOne of the most important effects of ionospheric modification by high power, high frequency (HF) waves is the generation of ultra low frequency/extremely low frequency/very low frequency (ULF/ELF/VLF) waves by modulated heating. This paper reviews the scientific achievements of the past five decades regarding the main mechanisms of excitation of ULF/ELF/VLF waves and discusses their characteristics, such as their electrojet dependency, the location of the source region, continuous and discontinuous waves, the number of HF arrays, and the suitable range of the modulation frequency for different proposed mechanisms. Finally, the outlook for future research in this area is presented.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/2/29powerful HF wavesULF/ELF/VLF wavesmodulated heatingionospheric heating |
| spellingShingle | Zhe Guo Hanxian Fang Farideh Honary The Generation of ULF/ELF/VLF Waves in the Ionosphere by Modulated Heating Universe powerful HF waves ULF/ELF/VLF waves modulated heating ionospheric heating |
| title | The Generation of ULF/ELF/VLF Waves in the Ionosphere by Modulated Heating |
| title_full | The Generation of ULF/ELF/VLF Waves in the Ionosphere by Modulated Heating |
| title_fullStr | The Generation of ULF/ELF/VLF Waves in the Ionosphere by Modulated Heating |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Generation of ULF/ELF/VLF Waves in the Ionosphere by Modulated Heating |
| title_short | The Generation of ULF/ELF/VLF Waves in the Ionosphere by Modulated Heating |
| title_sort | generation of ulf elf vlf waves in the ionosphere by modulated heating |
| topic | powerful HF waves ULF/ELF/VLF waves modulated heating ionospheric heating |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/2/29 |
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