The Role of Posterior Neural Plate-Derived Presomitic Mesoderm (PSM) in Trunk and Tail Muscle Formation and Axis Elongation
Elongation of the posterior body axis is distinct from that of the anterior trunk and head. Early drivers of posterior elongation are the neural plate/tube and notochord, later followed by the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), together with the neural tube and notochord. In axolotl, posterior neural plate-...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/9/1313 |
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| author | Barbara K. Stepien Verena Pawolski Marc-Christoph Wagner Thomas Kurth Mirko H. H. Schmidt Hans-Henning Epperlein |
| author_facet | Barbara K. Stepien Verena Pawolski Marc-Christoph Wagner Thomas Kurth Mirko H. H. Schmidt Hans-Henning Epperlein |
| author_sort | Barbara K. Stepien |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Elongation of the posterior body axis is distinct from that of the anterior trunk and head. Early drivers of posterior elongation are the neural plate/tube and notochord, later followed by the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), together with the neural tube and notochord. In axolotl, posterior neural plate-derived PSM is pushed posteriorly by convergence and extension of the neural plate. The PSM does not go through the blastopore but turns anteriorly to join the gastrulated paraxial mesoderm. To gain a deeper understanding of the process of axial elongation, a detailed characterization of PSM morphogenesis, which precedes somite formation, and of other tissues (such as the epidermis, lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm) is needed. We investigated these issues with specific tissue labelling techniques (DiI injections and GFP<sup>+</sup> tissue grafting) in combination with optical tissue clearing and 3D reconstructions. We defined a spatiotemporal order of PSM morphogenesis that is characterized by changes in collective cell behaviour. The PSM forms a cohesive tissue strand and largely retains this cohesiveness even after epidermis removal. We show that during embryogenesis, the PSM, as well as the lateral plate and endoderm move anteriorly, while the net movement of the axis is posterior. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:22:41Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:22:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-e24e019c80b243daa85ae32d7ab405562023-11-17T22:44:12ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-05-01129131310.3390/cells12091313The Role of Posterior Neural Plate-Derived Presomitic Mesoderm (PSM) in Trunk and Tail Muscle Formation and Axis ElongationBarbara K. Stepien0Verena Pawolski1Marc-Christoph Wagner2Thomas Kurth3Mirko H. H. Schmidt4Hans-Henning Epperlein5Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01062 Dresden, GermanyInstitute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01062 Dresden, GermanyInstitute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01062 Dresden, GermanyCenter for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technology Platform, Electron Microscopy and Histology Facility, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, GermanyInstitute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01062 Dresden, GermanyInstitute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01062 Dresden, GermanyElongation of the posterior body axis is distinct from that of the anterior trunk and head. Early drivers of posterior elongation are the neural plate/tube and notochord, later followed by the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), together with the neural tube and notochord. In axolotl, posterior neural plate-derived PSM is pushed posteriorly by convergence and extension of the neural plate. The PSM does not go through the blastopore but turns anteriorly to join the gastrulated paraxial mesoderm. To gain a deeper understanding of the process of axial elongation, a detailed characterization of PSM morphogenesis, which precedes somite formation, and of other tissues (such as the epidermis, lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm) is needed. We investigated these issues with specific tissue labelling techniques (DiI injections and GFP<sup>+</sup> tissue grafting) in combination with optical tissue clearing and 3D reconstructions. We defined a spatiotemporal order of PSM morphogenesis that is characterized by changes in collective cell behaviour. The PSM forms a cohesive tissue strand and largely retains this cohesiveness even after epidermis removal. We show that during embryogenesis, the PSM, as well as the lateral plate and endoderm move anteriorly, while the net movement of the axis is posterior.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/9/1313DiI injectionsGFP<sup>+</sup> tissue graftingposterior neural plateepidermispresomitic mesoderm (PSM)lateral plate mesoderm |
| spellingShingle | Barbara K. Stepien Verena Pawolski Marc-Christoph Wagner Thomas Kurth Mirko H. H. Schmidt Hans-Henning Epperlein The Role of Posterior Neural Plate-Derived Presomitic Mesoderm (PSM) in Trunk and Tail Muscle Formation and Axis Elongation Cells DiI injections GFP<sup>+</sup> tissue grafting posterior neural plate epidermis presomitic mesoderm (PSM) lateral plate mesoderm |
| title | The Role of Posterior Neural Plate-Derived Presomitic Mesoderm (PSM) in Trunk and Tail Muscle Formation and Axis Elongation |
| title_full | The Role of Posterior Neural Plate-Derived Presomitic Mesoderm (PSM) in Trunk and Tail Muscle Formation and Axis Elongation |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Posterior Neural Plate-Derived Presomitic Mesoderm (PSM) in Trunk and Tail Muscle Formation and Axis Elongation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Posterior Neural Plate-Derived Presomitic Mesoderm (PSM) in Trunk and Tail Muscle Formation and Axis Elongation |
| title_short | The Role of Posterior Neural Plate-Derived Presomitic Mesoderm (PSM) in Trunk and Tail Muscle Formation and Axis Elongation |
| title_sort | role of posterior neural plate derived presomitic mesoderm psm in trunk and tail muscle formation and axis elongation |
| topic | DiI injections GFP<sup>+</sup> tissue grafting posterior neural plate epidermis presomitic mesoderm (PSM) lateral plate mesoderm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/9/1313 |
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