A Narrative Review of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Clinical Manifestations
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major global concern. As of writing this manuscript, there are over 224 million cases diagnosed, and 4.5 million recorded deaths with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives: This article reviews the st...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research |
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| Online Access: | http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-427-en.html |
| _version_ | 1811186781955031040 |
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| author | Amin Sharifan |
| author_facet | Amin Sharifan |
| author_sort | Amin Sharifan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major global concern. As of writing this manuscript, there are over 224 million cases diagnosed, and 4.5 million recorded deaths with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Objectives: This article reviews the studies conducted on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, transmission, and different clinical manifestations.
Methods: An extensive online search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. The following keywords and their combinations were used to complete this review: “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “virology”, “mechanism of action”, “transmission”, “clinical manifestations”, “laboratory findings”, and “comorbidities.”
Results: The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein recognizes the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, and through that, the virus can enter its host cell. The virus is mainly transmitted via respiratory and or airborne droplets. The severity of the COVID-19 clinical manifestations relies on the associated comorbidities and or old age, which ranges from little-to-no symptoms to severe and critical conditions. Fever, loss of appetite and or smell, fatigue, and dry cough are among the most reported symptoms. Underlying conditions may lead to severe or critical stages of COVID-19.
Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and receptor-binding domain could be two potential targets for future vaccines and drugs. It appears that the virus is adapting to each region’s specific environment; therefore, new endemic variants are forming. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:51:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e24e1833a9d1450aaa668ba4db72ac38 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2423-4494 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:51:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-e24e1833a9d1450aaa668ba4db72ac382022-12-22T04:20:35ZengMazandaran University of Medical SciencesPharmaceutical and Biomedical Research2423-44942022-07-0183167178A Narrative Review of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Clinical ManifestationsAmin Sharifan0 Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major global concern. As of writing this manuscript, there are over 224 million cases diagnosed, and 4.5 million recorded deaths with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives: This article reviews the studies conducted on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, transmission, and different clinical manifestations. Methods: An extensive online search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. The following keywords and their combinations were used to complete this review: “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “virology”, “mechanism of action”, “transmission”, “clinical manifestations”, “laboratory findings”, and “comorbidities.” Results: The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein recognizes the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, and through that, the virus can enter its host cell. The virus is mainly transmitted via respiratory and or airborne droplets. The severity of the COVID-19 clinical manifestations relies on the associated comorbidities and or old age, which ranges from little-to-no symptoms to severe and critical conditions. Fever, loss of appetite and or smell, fatigue, and dry cough are among the most reported symptoms. Underlying conditions may lead to severe or critical stages of COVID-19. Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and receptor-binding domain could be two potential targets for future vaccines and drugs. It appears that the virus is adapting to each region’s specific environment; therefore, new endemic variants are forming.http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-427-en.htmlcovid-19sars-cov-2etiologytransmissionsignssymptoms |
| spellingShingle | Amin Sharifan A Narrative Review of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Clinical Manifestations Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research covid-19 sars-cov-2 etiology transmission signs symptoms |
| title | A Narrative Review of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Clinical Manifestations |
| title_full | A Narrative Review of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Clinical Manifestations |
| title_fullStr | A Narrative Review of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Clinical Manifestations |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Narrative Review of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Clinical Manifestations |
| title_short | A Narrative Review of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Clinical Manifestations |
| title_sort | narrative review of sars cov 2 pathogenesis transmission and clinical manifestations |
| topic | covid-19 sars-cov-2 etiology transmission signs symptoms |
| url | http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-427-en.html |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aminsharifan anarrativereviewofsarscov2pathogenesistransmissionandclinicalmanifestations AT aminsharifan narrativereviewofsarscov2pathogenesistransmissionandclinicalmanifestations |