Role of Ajwa Date Fruit Pulp and Seed in the Management of Diseases through In Vitro and In Silico Analysis
This study investigated the health-promoting activities of methanolic extracts of Ajwa date seed and fruit pulp extracts through in vitro studies. These studies confirmed potential antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, anti-proteolytic, and anti-bacterial activities associated with Ajwa dates. The EC<sub&...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| author | Shehwaz Anwar Ravindra Raut Mohammed A. Alsahli Ahmad Almatroudi Hani Alfheeaid Faisal M. Alzahrani Amjad Ali Khan Khaled S. Allemailem Saleh A. Almatroodi Arshad Husain Rahmani |
| author_facet | Shehwaz Anwar Ravindra Raut Mohammed A. Alsahli Ahmad Almatroudi Hani Alfheeaid Faisal M. Alzahrani Amjad Ali Khan Khaled S. Allemailem Saleh A. Almatroodi Arshad Husain Rahmani |
| author_sort | Shehwaz Anwar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the health-promoting activities of methanolic extracts of Ajwa date seed and fruit pulp extracts through in vitro studies. These studies confirmed potential antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, anti-proteolytic, and anti-bacterial activities associated with Ajwa dates. The EC<sub>50</sub> values of fruit pulp and seed extracts in methanol were reported to be 1580.35 ± 0.37 and 1272.68 ± 0.27 µg/mL, respectively, in the DPPH test. The maximum percentage of hydrogen peroxide-reducing activity was 71.3 and 65.38% for both extracts at 600 µg/mL. Fruit pulp and seed extracts inhibited heat-induced BSA denaturation by 68.11 and 60.308%, heat-induced hemolysis by 63.84% and 58.10%, and hypersalinity-induced hemolysis by 61.71% and 57.27%, and showed the maximum anti-proteinase potential of 56.8 and 51.31% at 600 μg/mL, respectively. Seed and fruit pulp inhibited heat-induced egg albumin denaturation at the same concentration by 44.31 and 50.84%, respectively. Ajwa seed showed minimum browning intensity by 63.2%, percent aggregation index by 64.2%, and amyloid structure by 63.8% at 600 μg/mL. At 100 mg/mL, Ajwa seed extract exhibited good antibacterial activity. Molecular docking analysis showed that ten active constituents of Ajwa seeds bind with the critical antioxidant enzymes, catalase (1DGH) and superoxide dismutase (5YTU). The functional residues involved in such interactions include Arg72, Ala357, and Leu144 in 1DGH, and Gly37, Pro13, and Asp11 in 5YTU. Hence, Ajwa dates can be used to develop a suitable alternative therapy in various diseases, including diabetes and possibly COVID-19-associated complications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:54:28Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:54:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e24ea960107745c8a56f62a1d9501fed2023-11-23T13:00:51ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-01-011117810.3390/biology11010078Role of Ajwa Date Fruit Pulp and Seed in the Management of Diseases through In Vitro and In Silico AnalysisShehwaz Anwar0Ravindra Raut1Mohammed A. Alsahli2Ahmad Almatroudi3Hani Alfheeaid4Faisal M. Alzahrani5Amjad Ali Khan6Khaled S. Allemailem7Saleh A. Almatroodi8Arshad Husain Rahmani9Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, IndiaDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaThis study investigated the health-promoting activities of methanolic extracts of Ajwa date seed and fruit pulp extracts through in vitro studies. These studies confirmed potential antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, anti-proteolytic, and anti-bacterial activities associated with Ajwa dates. The EC<sub>50</sub> values of fruit pulp and seed extracts in methanol were reported to be 1580.35 ± 0.37 and 1272.68 ± 0.27 µg/mL, respectively, in the DPPH test. The maximum percentage of hydrogen peroxide-reducing activity was 71.3 and 65.38% for both extracts at 600 µg/mL. Fruit pulp and seed extracts inhibited heat-induced BSA denaturation by 68.11 and 60.308%, heat-induced hemolysis by 63.84% and 58.10%, and hypersalinity-induced hemolysis by 61.71% and 57.27%, and showed the maximum anti-proteinase potential of 56.8 and 51.31% at 600 μg/mL, respectively. Seed and fruit pulp inhibited heat-induced egg albumin denaturation at the same concentration by 44.31 and 50.84%, respectively. Ajwa seed showed minimum browning intensity by 63.2%, percent aggregation index by 64.2%, and amyloid structure by 63.8% at 600 μg/mL. At 100 mg/mL, Ajwa seed extract exhibited good antibacterial activity. Molecular docking analysis showed that ten active constituents of Ajwa seeds bind with the critical antioxidant enzymes, catalase (1DGH) and superoxide dismutase (5YTU). The functional residues involved in such interactions include Arg72, Ala357, and Leu144 in 1DGH, and Gly37, Pro13, and Asp11 in 5YTU. Hence, Ajwa dates can be used to develop a suitable alternative therapy in various diseases, including diabetes and possibly COVID-19-associated complications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/1/78Ajwaantidiabeticanti-inflammatoryantioxidantanti-hemolyticoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Shehwaz Anwar Ravindra Raut Mohammed A. Alsahli Ahmad Almatroudi Hani Alfheeaid Faisal M. Alzahrani Amjad Ali Khan Khaled S. Allemailem Saleh A. Almatroodi Arshad Husain Rahmani Role of Ajwa Date Fruit Pulp and Seed in the Management of Diseases through In Vitro and In Silico Analysis Biology Ajwa antidiabetic anti-inflammatory antioxidant anti-hemolytic oxidative stress |
| title | Role of Ajwa Date Fruit Pulp and Seed in the Management of Diseases through In Vitro and In Silico Analysis |
| title_full | Role of Ajwa Date Fruit Pulp and Seed in the Management of Diseases through In Vitro and In Silico Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Role of Ajwa Date Fruit Pulp and Seed in the Management of Diseases through In Vitro and In Silico Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Ajwa Date Fruit Pulp and Seed in the Management of Diseases through In Vitro and In Silico Analysis |
| title_short | Role of Ajwa Date Fruit Pulp and Seed in the Management of Diseases through In Vitro and In Silico Analysis |
| title_sort | role of ajwa date fruit pulp and seed in the management of diseases through in vitro and in silico analysis |
| topic | Ajwa antidiabetic anti-inflammatory antioxidant anti-hemolytic oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/1/78 |
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