Are There Betel Quid Mixtures Less Harmful than Others? A Scoping Review of the Association between Different Betel Quid Ingredients and the Risk of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity characterized by progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. OSF is typically associated with the use of betel quid (BQ), a chewing package made of natural products (e.g., areca nut, betel leaves), with or with...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Biomolecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/5/664 |
| _version_ | 1797501274334167040 |
|---|---|
| author | Nicola Cirillo Peter Hung Duong Wee Teng Er Casey Thao Nhi Do Manikkuwadura Eranda Harshan De Silva Yining Dong Sok Ching Cheong Elizabeth Fitriana Sari Michael J. McCullough Pangzhen Zhang Stephen S. Prime |
| author_facet | Nicola Cirillo Peter Hung Duong Wee Teng Er Casey Thao Nhi Do Manikkuwadura Eranda Harshan De Silva Yining Dong Sok Ching Cheong Elizabeth Fitriana Sari Michael J. McCullough Pangzhen Zhang Stephen S. Prime |
| author_sort | Nicola Cirillo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity characterized by progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. OSF is typically associated with the use of betel quid (BQ), a chewing package made of natural products (e.g., areca nut, betel leaves), with or without smokeless tobacco. BQ ingredients contain pro-carcinogenic bioactive compounds, but also potentially protective biomolecules, and we have shown recently that the chemical properties of different BQ recipes vary, which may explain the unequal prevalence of OSF and oral cancer in BQ users in different geographical regions. Hence, this scoping review was aimed at evaluating the existing literature regarding different BQ compounds and their association with OSF. The repository of the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), medRxiv databases, Google scholar, Baidu scholar, CNKI, and EBSCO were used to search for publications that investigated the association between BQ chewing and OSF up to November 2021. The search terminology was constructed using the keywords “betel quid” and “oral submucous fibrosis”, and their associated terms, with the use of Boolean operators. The search was conducted under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, together with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review showed that the risk of developing OSF varied between different BQ recipes, and that chewing BQ mixtures containing betel inflorescence (BI) significantly increased the risk of OSF, as did the addition of tobacco. Conversely, the use of betel leaf in the mixture was likely to be protective, which may be due to the presence of polyphenols. Although further research is needed to determine the effect of individual BQ ingredients in the development of OSF, our pilot results provide the scope and rationale for informing future chemopreventive strategies for OSF and oral cancer in BQ chewers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:16:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e25071c39bb2444f827127fb9a5da66d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:16:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e25071c39bb2444f827127fb9a5da66d2023-11-23T10:13:45ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-05-0112566410.3390/biom12050664Are There Betel Quid Mixtures Less Harmful than Others? A Scoping Review of the Association between Different Betel Quid Ingredients and the Risk of Oral Submucous FibrosisNicola Cirillo0Peter Hung Duong1Wee Teng Er2Casey Thao Nhi Do3Manikkuwadura Eranda Harshan De Silva4Yining Dong5Sok Ching Cheong6Elizabeth Fitriana Sari7Michael J. McCullough8Pangzhen Zhang9Stephen S. Prime10Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, AustraliaMelbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, AustraliaMelbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, AustraliaMelbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, AustraliaMelbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, AustraliaMelbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, AustraliaTranslational Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Malaysia, 1 Jalan SS12/1A, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, MalaysiaDentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, AustraliaMelbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, AustraliaSchool of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, AustraliaCentre for Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UKOral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity characterized by progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. OSF is typically associated with the use of betel quid (BQ), a chewing package made of natural products (e.g., areca nut, betel leaves), with or without smokeless tobacco. BQ ingredients contain pro-carcinogenic bioactive compounds, but also potentially protective biomolecules, and we have shown recently that the chemical properties of different BQ recipes vary, which may explain the unequal prevalence of OSF and oral cancer in BQ users in different geographical regions. Hence, this scoping review was aimed at evaluating the existing literature regarding different BQ compounds and their association with OSF. The repository of the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), medRxiv databases, Google scholar, Baidu scholar, CNKI, and EBSCO were used to search for publications that investigated the association between BQ chewing and OSF up to November 2021. The search terminology was constructed using the keywords “betel quid” and “oral submucous fibrosis”, and their associated terms, with the use of Boolean operators. The search was conducted under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, together with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review showed that the risk of developing OSF varied between different BQ recipes, and that chewing BQ mixtures containing betel inflorescence (BI) significantly increased the risk of OSF, as did the addition of tobacco. Conversely, the use of betel leaf in the mixture was likely to be protective, which may be due to the presence of polyphenols. Although further research is needed to determine the effect of individual BQ ingredients in the development of OSF, our pilot results provide the scope and rationale for informing future chemopreventive strategies for OSF and oral cancer in BQ chewers.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/5/664betel quidbetel inflorescenceareca nutstem quidareca alkaloidspolyphenols |
| spellingShingle | Nicola Cirillo Peter Hung Duong Wee Teng Er Casey Thao Nhi Do Manikkuwadura Eranda Harshan De Silva Yining Dong Sok Ching Cheong Elizabeth Fitriana Sari Michael J. McCullough Pangzhen Zhang Stephen S. Prime Are There Betel Quid Mixtures Less Harmful than Others? A Scoping Review of the Association between Different Betel Quid Ingredients and the Risk of Oral Submucous Fibrosis Biomolecules betel quid betel inflorescence areca nut stem quid areca alkaloids polyphenols |
| title | Are There Betel Quid Mixtures Less Harmful than Others? A Scoping Review of the Association between Different Betel Quid Ingredients and the Risk of Oral Submucous Fibrosis |
| title_full | Are There Betel Quid Mixtures Less Harmful than Others? A Scoping Review of the Association between Different Betel Quid Ingredients and the Risk of Oral Submucous Fibrosis |
| title_fullStr | Are There Betel Quid Mixtures Less Harmful than Others? A Scoping Review of the Association between Different Betel Quid Ingredients and the Risk of Oral Submucous Fibrosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are There Betel Quid Mixtures Less Harmful than Others? A Scoping Review of the Association between Different Betel Quid Ingredients and the Risk of Oral Submucous Fibrosis |
| title_short | Are There Betel Quid Mixtures Less Harmful than Others? A Scoping Review of the Association between Different Betel Quid Ingredients and the Risk of Oral Submucous Fibrosis |
| title_sort | are there betel quid mixtures less harmful than others a scoping review of the association between different betel quid ingredients and the risk of oral submucous fibrosis |
| topic | betel quid betel inflorescence areca nut stem quid areca alkaloids polyphenols |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/5/664 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nicolacirillo aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis AT peterhungduong aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis AT weetenger aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis AT caseythaonhido aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis AT manikkuwaduraerandaharshandesilva aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis AT yiningdong aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis AT sokchingcheong aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis AT elizabethfitrianasari aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis AT michaeljmccullough aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis AT pangzhenzhang aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis AT stephensprime aretherebetelquidmixtureslessharmfulthanothersascopingreviewoftheassociationbetweendifferentbetelquidingredientsandtheriskoforalsubmucousfibrosis |